_id

683a162cc782e11e38d1b247

id

10061

title

Color Vision Screening (Ishihara Test)

full_title

Color Vision Screening (Ishihara Test)

short_title

Ishihara Test

med_description

Assess for red-green color blindness.

short_description

Color blindness.

slug

color-vision-screening-ishihara-test

description

The Color Vision Screening (Ishihara Test) assesses red-green color blindness.

keywords

Color blindness, vision test, color vision test

complaint

[ "Any/All", "Vision Loss" ]

formula

X means that the plate cannot be read. Dashes denote that the reading is indefinite.

evidence

The use of smartphones has greatly increased the clinician’s ability to quickly access screening tools. Ozgur et al (2018) demonstrated that using a smartphone application with the abbreviated 11 plate test (excluding plates 9, 11, and 14) compared with physical Ishihara color plates in healthy controls and patients with ocular pathology had close agreement in the number of correctly identified plates. The sensitivity and specificity of the smartphone application was 92% and specificity was 100%. The majority of patients preferred the smartphone application to the physical Ishihara plates.

Similarly, Shah et al (2012) found that a smartphone-based application did not have any significant differences when compared with physical Ishihara plates in evaluating red-green color deficiencies .

In patients suspected of having optic neuritis, Campbell et al (2016) demonstrated that screening for color deficiencies using a tablet application was comparable to physical Ishihara plates.

In cases of suspected optic neuritis, clinicians can also evaluate for loss of color vision. In the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT), 88% of patients had abnormal color vision when evaluated with Ishihara color plates (Optic Neuritis Study Group 1991).

Traditional printed Ishihara plates are expensive and require careful storage to ensure maintenance of the plates. The above studies support that a smartphone or tablet color vision screening application can potentially be utilized in clinical settings such as emergency rooms, inpatient settings, or non-ophthalmological settings where Ishihara plates are not routinely available.

measurements

[]

information

refrences

{ "Clinical Practice Guidelines": [], "Manufacturer Website": [], "Original/Primary Reference": [ { "href": "https://www.dfis.ubi.pt/~hgil/P.V.2/Ishihara/Ishihara.24.Plate.TEST.Book.pdf", "text": "S. Ishihara, Tests for color-blindness (Handaya, Tokyo, Hongo Harukicho, 1917)." } ], "Other References": [ { "href": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1841573 ", "text": "Optic Neuritis Study Group. The clinical profile of optic neuritis. Experience of the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991 Dec;109(12):1673-8. " } ], "Outcomes": [], "Validation": [ { "href": "https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2360097 ", "text": "Shah AA, Pasadhika S, Kim J, Wang M. Pseudoisochromatic color vision testing on an iPhone. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:6399." }, { "href": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26896905 ", "text": "Campbell TG, Lehn A, Blum S, Airey C, Brown H. iPad colour vision apps for dyschromatopsia screening. J Clin Neurosci. 2016 Jul;29:92-4." }, { "href": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29438263 ", "text": "Ozgur OK, Emborgo TS, Vieyra MB, Huselid RF, Banik R.Validity and Acceptance of Color Vision Testing on Smartphones. J Neuroophthalmol. 2018 Mar;38(1):13-16." } ], "Validations": [] }

pearls

• This test evaluates for the most common type of color blindness (red-green deficiency) and not other types of color blindness.

• For purposes of rapid screening, this test uses an abbreviated version of the concise 14 plate test. The complete test consists of 38 Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates, and a shorter 24 plate version exists as well.

• This abbreviated version of the 14 plate test excludes the hidden digit plate (original plate 9) and the line tracing plates (original plates 11 and 14).

• Testing is less accurate in patients who have near visual acuity less than ~20/100 at 30 inches.

• This test is less reliable in very young children (<5 years of age).

• Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates are the most commonly used initial test for color vision testing; however, there are other tests which may be more accurate and sensitive, but more time-consuming (e.g. Farnsworth Panel D-15 and Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue tests).

• An alternative pseudoisochromatic plate test is the Hardy-Rand-Ritter (HRR) test.  

usecase

• To screen for red-green color blindness.

• This test can also provide an initial assessment regarding the type of red-green color blindness (protan or deutan).

reasons

Provides a rapid assessment of color vision and evaluation of red-green color blindness.

next_advice

Patients with more than two incorrect plates are considered to have color vision deficiency.

next_actions

next_management

Patients with color vision deficiency should undergo further evaluation by an ophthalmologist or neuro-ophthalmologist.

diseases

[ "Any/All" ]

input_schema

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instructions

• Ensure proper room lighting and phone brightness.

• Wear any glasses necessary for near vision.

• Hold screen at a comfortable reading distance (~30 inches or 75 cm).

• Test each eye independently.

published

2022-04-21T20:28:12.250Z

purpose

[ "Diagnosis" ]

search_terms

[ "Ishihara test", "color blind test", "color vision screening", "colorblind", "colorblindness", "color blindness" ]

seo

{ "keywords_en": "Color blindness, vision test, color vision test", "meta_description_en": "The Color Vision Screening (Ishihara Test) assesses red-green color blindness. " }

specialty

[ "Family Practice", "Hospitalist Medicine", "Internal Medicine", "Ophthalmology", "Primary Care" ]

departments

[ "Neurologic", "Ophthalmic" ]

tags

[]

version_number

1

versions

[]

related

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ismed

true

section

[ "whenToUseViewed", "pearlsPitfallsViewed", "whyUseViewed", "nextStepsViewed", "evidenceViewed" ]

cleaned_departments

[ "neurology", "ophthalmology" ]

cleaned_use

[ "To screen for red-green color blindness.", "This test can also provide an initial assessment regarding the type of red-green color blindness (protan or deutan)." ]

pub

false