_id

683a1615c782e11e38d1b1a6

id

3931

title

Australian Type 2 Diabetes Risk (AUSDRISK) Assessment Tool

full_title

Australian Type 2 Diabetes Risk (AUSDRISK) Assessment Tool

short_title

AUSDRISK

med_description

Estimates risk of developing type 2 diabetes, mainly in Australian patients.

short_description

Estimates diabetes risk.

slug

australian-type-2-diabetes-risk-ausdrisk-assessment-tool

description

AUSDRISK estimates risk of developing type 2 diabetes in Australian patients.

keywords

AUSDRISK, australian diabetes risk, diabetes risk, dm risk, diabetes mellitus risk

complaint

[ "Preventive Care/Screening" ]

formula

*Patients were asked if they had ever been told their glucose level was high, including during pregnancy for women. **Physical inactivity was defined as less than 150 minutes per week of walking (if continuous and ≥10 minutes) and/or moderate or vigorous activity. ***For Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander or Asian background: Category 1: <90 cm (men), <80 cm (women) Category 2: 90–99 cm (men), 80–89 cm (women) Category 3: ≥100 cm (men), ≥90 cm (women) For Southern European, Pacific Islander, or other: Category 1: <102 cm (men), <88 cm (women) Category 2: 102–109 cm (men),  88–99 cm (women) Category 3: ≥110 cm (men), ≥100 cm (women) FromChen 2010.

evidence

The Australian Type 2 Diabetes Risk (AUSDRISK) Assessment Tool was developed by the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute on behalf of the Australian state and territory governments as part of the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) Reducing the Diabetes Risk initiative, and the derivation study by Chen et al was published in 2010.  This study was a 5-year follow up of 6,060 non-diabetic participants in the Australian Diabetes and Lifestyle study (Dunstan 2002).

Incident diabetes at follow up was the outcome measure and a risk prediction model was developed by analyzing various demographic and health measurements of the study subjects using logistic regression.

The prediction model was then converted to a score, which was validated in two independent Australian cohorts.

Using a score of ≥12 , the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value for identifying incident diabetes over the 5 year study period were 74.0%, 67.7%, and 12.7% respectively. Using a score of ≥6, sensitivity was 97.7% (95% CI 95.4–99.0).

AUSDRISK was externally validated (along with several other diabetes risk assessment models) in a cohort of 2,506 Dutch patients and found to have among the highest C-statistic of 12 basic models (i.e., those including noninvasive variables only) at 0.83 (95% CI 0.82–0.84) at 10 years (Abbasi 2012).

measurements

[ { "name": "Waist Circumference", "unit": "waist_circumference", "error_min": "0", "error_max": "150", "warn_min": "10", "warn_max": "120", "conversion": "2.54", "normal_max_si": "94", "normal_max_us": "37", "normal_min_si": "64", "normal_min_us": "25", "units_si": "cm", "units_us": "in" } ]

information

May overestimate risk in patients <25 years old and may underestimate risk in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders.

From General Practice Management Guidelines of Type 2 DM, Royal Australian College of General Practitioners 2016.

refrences

{ "Clinical Practice Guidelines": [ { "href": "https://www.racgp.org.au/download/Documents/Guidelines/Diabetes/2015diabetesmanagement.pdf ", "text": "Royal Australasian College of General Practitioners: General Practice Management of Type II Diabetes Guidelines 2016-2018" } ], "Manufacturer Website": [ { "href": "", "text": "" } ], "Original/Primary Reference": [ { "href": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20170456", "text": "Chen L, Magliano DJ, Balkau B, Colagiuri S, Zimmet PZ, Tonkin AM, Mitchell P, Phillips PJ, Shaw JE. AUSDRISK: an Australian Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Tool based on demographic, lifestyle and simple anthropometric measures. Med J Aust. 2010 Feb 15;192(4):197-202." } ], "Other References": [ { "href": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12062857", "text": "Dunstan DW, Zimmet PZ, Welborn TA, et al. The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab)--methods and response rates. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2002;57(2):119-29." } ], "Outcomes": [ { "href": "", "text": "" } ], "Validation": [ { "href": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=26468399 ", "text": "Malo JA, Versace VL, Janus ED, Laatikainen T, Peltonen M, Vartiainen E, Coates MJ, Dunbar JA. Evaluation of AUSDRISK as a screening tool for lifestyle modification programs: international implications for policy and cost-effectiveness. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2015 Oct 5;3(1):e000125. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2015-000125. eCollection 2015." }, { "href": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3445426/ ", "text": "Abbasi A, Peelen LM, Corpeleijn E, van der Schouw YT, Stolk RP, Spijkerman AM, van der A DL, Moons KG, Navis G, Bakker SJ, Beulens JW. Prediction models for risk of developing type 2 diabetes: systematic literature search and independent external validation study. BMJ. 2012 Sep 18;345:e5900. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e5900." } ], "Validations": [] }

pearls

• The Australian Type 2 Diabetes Risk (AUSDRISK) Assessment Tool identifies Australian adults at high risk for developing diabetes based on demographic, lifestyle, and simple anthropometric measures.
• Targeted for use in primary care screening.
• Enables identification of high risk individuals for focused lifestyle counseling and/or further investigation.
• Developed specifically for the Australian population but has allowance for ethnicity and country of birth, so it may have validity in other countries with similar demographics.
• Has been validated in a separate study examining an external cohort of Dutch patients.
• May overestimate risk in patients <25 years.
• Some versions of the AUSDRISK eliminate BMI, but the authors found that it resulted in a loss of discriminatory power.

usecase

Primary care lifestyle screening for adults ≥25 years of age.

reasons

Includes only non-invasive variables. Provides objective score to help support recommendations of lifestyle modification to patients by primary care physicians. In identified high-risk patients, enables further investigation and appropriate management of risk and lifestyle factors to prevent the development of diabetes. In Australia, AUSDRISK score ≥12 is a prerequisite for physician access to Medicare items for health assessment of patients in the 40-49 age group.

next_advice

next_actions

Monitor for symptomatic diabetes (e.g. polyuria, polydipsia, loss of sensation).

next_management

• In Australia, patients with scores ≥12 should be investigated for possible diabetes and enrolled for advice regarding diet, weight control, and exercise.

Diagnostic criteria for diabetes (Australia):

• Fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥7.0 mmol/L, confirmed by a second reading on a separate day OR
• Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showing FBG ≥7.0 mmol/L or 2-hour blood glucose ≥11.1mmol/L OR
• Hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c) ≥48 mmol/mol (6.5%) on two separate occasions.

diseases

[ "Diabetes Mellitus" ]

input_schema

[ { "conditionality": "", "default": null, "label_en": "Age (years)", "mdcalc_info_concept": null, "name": "age", "option_fhir_rules": null, "optional": false, "options": [ { "label": "25-34", "value": 0 }, { "label": "35-44", "value": 2 }, { "label": "45-54", "value": 4 }, { "label": "55-64", "value": 6 }, { "label": "≥65", "value": 8 } ], "show_points": true, "tips_en": "", "type": "radio" }, { "conditionality": "", "default": null, "label_en": "Sex", "md_calc_info_concept": null, "name": "sex", "option_fhir_rules": null, "optional": false, "options": [ { "label": "Female", "value": 0 }, { "label": "Male", "value": 3 } ], "show_points": true, "tips_en": "", "type": "toggle" }, { "conditionality": "", "default": null, "label_en": "Ethnicity", "mdcalc_info_concept": null, "name": "ethnicity", "option_fhir_rules": null, "optional": false, "options": [ { "label": "Southern European", "value": 1 }, { "label": "Asian", "value": 2 }, { "label": "Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander", "value": 3 }, { "label": "Pacific Islander", "value": 4 }, { "label": "Other", "value": 0 } ], "show_points": false, "tips_en": "", "type": "radio" }, { "conditionality": "", "default": 0, "label_en": "Parental history of diabetes", "md_calc_info_concept": null, "name": "famhx", "option_fhir_rules": null, "optional": false, "options": [ { "label": "No", "value": 0 }, { "label": "Yes", "value": 3 } ], "show_points": true, "tips_en": "", "type": "toggle" }, { "conditionality": "", "default": 0, "label_en": "History of high blood glucose", "md_calc_info_concept": null, "name": "highbg", "option_fhir_rules": null, "optional": false, "options": [ { "label": "No", "value": 0 }, { "label": "Yes", "value": 6 } ], "show_points": true, "tips_en": "Ask patient if they have ever been told their blood glucose is high, including during pregnancy for women", "type": "toggle" }, { "conditionality": "", "default": 0, "label_en": "Use of antihypertensive medications", "md_calc_info_concept": null, "name": "htn", "option_fhir_rules": null, "optional": false, "options": [ { "label": "No", "value": 0 }, { "label": "Yes", "value": 2 } ], "show_points": true, "tips_en": "", "type": "toggle" }, { "conditionality": "", "default": 0, "label_en": "Current smoker", "md_calc_info_concept": null, "name": "smoker", "option_fhir_rules": null, "optional": false, "options": [ { "label": "No", "value": 0 }, { "label": "Yes", "value": 2 } ], "show_points": true, "tips_en": "", "type": "toggle" }, { "conditionality": "", "default": 0, "label_en": "Physical inactivity", "md_calc_info_concept": null, "name": "inactive", "option_fhir_rules": null, "optional": false, "options": [ { "label": "No", "value": 0 }, { "label": "Yes", "value": 2 } ], "show_points": true, "tips_en": "Less than 150 minutes per week of walking (if continuous and ≥10 minutes) and/or moderate or vigorous activity.", "type": "toggle" }, { "conditionality": "", "default": 0, "label_en": "Obesity parameter", "mdcalc_info_concept": null, "name": "options", "option_fhir_rules": null, "optional": false, "options": [ { "label": "Waist circumference", "value": 0 }, { "label": "BMI", "value": 1 }, { "label": "Both", "value": 2 } ], "show_points": false, "tips_en": "Study recommendation: waist circumference", "type": "radio" }, { "conditionality": "options == 0 || options ==2", "default": null, "fhir_rules": null, "inct": null, "label_en": "Waist circumference", "name": "waistcirc", "optional": false, "tips_en": "", "type": "textbox", "unit": "waist_circumference" }, { "conditionality": "options == 1 || options ==2", "default": null, "label_en": "<calculator id='29'>BMI</calculator>", "mdcalc_info_concept": null, "name": "bmi", "option_fhir_rules": null, "optional": false, "options": [ { "label": "Normal (<25)", "value": 0 }, { "label": "Overweight (25–29.9)", "value": 3 }, { "label": "Obese (30–34.9)", "value": 6 }, { "label": "Morbidly obese (≥35)", "value": 8 } ], "show_points": true, "tips_en": "", "type": "radio" } ]

instructions

Not for use in people with diagnosed diabetes. Use for screening in adults ≥25 years of age.

Note: BMI, waist circumference, or both may be used as the obesity parameter. The study's authors recommend using waist circumference only, as it has the greatest discriminatory power.

published

2022-04-21T20:29:26.257Z

purpose

[ "Diagnosis", "Prognosis" ]

search_terms

[ "ausdrisk", "australian", "diabetes", "dm", "t2dm", "type 2 diabetes", "aus d risk" ]

seo

{ "keywords_en": "AUSDRISK, australian diabetes risk, diabetes risk, dm risk, diabetes mellitus risk", "meta_description_en": "AUSDRISK estimates risk of developing type 2 diabetes in Australian patients." }

specialty

[ "Endocrinology", "Family Practice", "Primary Care" ]

departments

[ "Endocrine and Metabolic" ]

tags

[]

version_number

1

versions

[]

related

[ { "calcId": 10522, "short_title_en": "IDF-DAR Fasting Risk Assessment", "slug": "international-diabetes-federation-diabetes-ramadan-alliance-idf-dar-fasting-risk-assessment" }, { "calcId": 10537, "short_title_en": "CANRISK", "slug": "canadian-diabetes-risk-assessment-questionnaire-canrisk" }, { "calcId": 10181, "short_title_en": "METS-IR ", "slug": "metabolic-score-insulin-resistance-mets-ir" } ]

ismed

true

section

[ "whenToUseViewed", "pearlsPitfallsViewed", "whyUseViewed", "nextStepsViewed", "evidenceViewed" ]

cleaned_departments

[ "endocrine" ]

cleaned_use

[ "Primary care lifestyle screening for adults ≥25 years of age." ]

pub

false