Hyperqbank

_id

683a15ebc782e11e38d1b089

id

title

Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC)

full_title

Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC)

short_title

Absolute Neutrophil Count

med_description

Frequently used to assess neutropenic fever in chemotherapy patients.

short_description

Neutropenia (after chemotherapy).

slug

absolute-neutrophil-count-anc

description

The Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) is frequently used to assess neutropenic fever in chemotherapy patients.

keywords

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complaint

[ "Fever" ]

formula

Absolute neutrophil count = 10 x WBC count x (%PMNs+ % bands) Note: assumes WBC count in 1,000s (i.e., x 10³ cells/µL, also equivalent to x 10³ cells/mm³). Example, normal patient: CBC shows WBC 9.2 (units are x 10³ cells/µL), 33% neutrophils, and 1% bands. ANC = 10 x 9.2 x (33 + 1) ANC = 10 x 9.2 x 34 ANC = 3,128 cells/µL → normal, no neutropenia Example, neutropenic patient: CBC shows WBC 1.0 (units are x 10³ cells/µL), 11% neutrophils, and 5% bands. ANC = 10 x 1 x (11 + 5) ANC = 160 cells/µL → severe neutropenia

evidence

A study testing the application of ANC was done to predict bacterial infections. They examined 105 peripheral blood smears and along with the ANC, determined the sensitivity of predicting bacterial infections. ANC and toxic granulations are more sensitive than the band count in predicting bacterial infections. A validation study tested if the first-cycle nadir ANC predicted the risk of febrile neutropenia. This was a cross-validation study. An ANC of less than or equal to 0.5 x 10⁹/liter was associated with a relative odds ratio of 4.8. The goal of this study was to provide a foundation for which dose adjustments in chemotherapy can be made to provide maximal anti-neoplastic therapy while minimizing side effects.

measurements

[ { "name": "% Bands", "unit": "band", "error_min": "-0.01", "error_max": "100.01", "warn_min": "0", "warn_max": "30", "conversion": "1", "normal_max_si": "0", "normal_max_us": "0", "normal_min_si": "0", "normal_min_us": "0", "units_si": "%", "units_us": "%" }, { "name": "% Neutrophils", "unit": "neut", "error_min": "-0.01", "error_max": "100.01", "warn_min": "35", "warn_max": "100", "conversion": "1", "normal_max_si": "0", "normal_max_us": "0", "normal_min_si": "0", "normal_min_us": "0", "units_si": "%", "units_us": "%" }, { "name": "White Blood Cell Count", "unit": "wbc", "error_min": "0.0001", "error_max": "500", "warn_min": "1.5", "warn_max": "100", "conversion": "1", "normal_max_si": "10.7", "normal_max_us": "10.7", "normal_min_si": "3.7", "normal_min_us": "3.7", "units_si": "× 10⁹ cells/L", "units_us": "× 10³ cells/µL" } ]

information

Neutropenia: ANC <1,500 cells/mm³

Mild neutropenia: 1,000-1,500 cells/mm³
Moderate neutropenia: 500-999 cells/mm³
Severe neutropenia: <500 cells/mm³

Neutrophilia: ANC >7,700 cells/mm³

refrences

{ "Clinical Practice Guidelines": [], "Manufacturer Website": [], "Original/Primary Reference": [ { "href": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17709921", "text": "Al-Gwaiz LA, Babay HH. The diagnostic value of absolute neutrophil count, band count and morphologic changes of neutrophils in predicting bacterial infections. Med Princ Pract. 2007;16(5):344–7. doi:10.1159/000104806." } ], "Other References": [ { "href": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10944139/", "text": "Klastersky J, et. al. The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer risk index: A multinational scoring system for identifying low-risk febrile neutropenic cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Aug;18(16):3038-51." }, { "href": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25559804", "text": "Carmona-Bayonas A, et al. Prediction of serious complications in patients with seemingly stable febrile neutropenia: validation of theClinical Index of Stable Febrile Neutropenia in a prospective cohort of patients from the FINITE study. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Feb 10;33(5):465-71. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.57.2347. Epub 2015 Jan 5." } ], "Outcomes": [], "Validation": [ { "href": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3197862/", "text": "Thomas BN, Karen MP, Soora W, David D, Gabriel JE. Interpreting Complete Blood Counts Soon After Birth in Newborns at Risk for Sepsis. Pediatrics 2010;126(5):903-909. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-0935." }, { "href": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC314422/", "text": "Rivera E, Haim Erder M, Fridman M, Frye D, Hortobagyi GN. First-cycle absolute neutrophil count can be used to improve chemotherapy-dose delivery and reduce the risk of febrile neutropenia in patients receiving adjuvant therapy: a validation study. Breast Cancer Research : BCR. 2003;5(5):R114-R120." } ], "Validations": [] }

pearls

The ANC calculation is not a static measurement done only once upon hospital admission. Rather, it is often measured daily in critically ill patients to assess the bone marrow’s response after chemotherapy, for example.
Recall that the ANC is dynamic - it is an absolute value and is expected to drop during the patient’s nadir after chemotherapy.

usecase

The ANC can be critical in assessing an immunocompromised patient’s risk for developing opportunistic infections. It is commonly used in the hospital setting, clinic, and emergency department. If a patient undergoing active myelosuppressive chemotherapy presents with a sustained fever (with or without localizing symptoms), there is a risk of progression to sepsis. Thus, it is imperative to calculate the ANC to assist in determining if empiric antibiotics should be initiated.

reasons

The calculation can be completed with a routine complete blood count and differential. It is a tool to provide a rapid risk stratification. No additional laboratory work is needed to complete the calculation.

next_advice

Neutropenic fever (without a source of infection found) is typically the result of direct toxic effects of chemotherapy on mucosal surfaces and the immune system in addition to the impact of the underlying malignancy. It is defined as a single oral temperature of 38.3ºC (101ºF) or a temperature of greater than 38.0ºC (100.4ºF) sustained for more than 1 hour in a patient with neutropenia. It is typically seen in those who have received anti-cancer therapies in the last 6 weeks. Filgrastim (Neupogen), a.k.a. G-CSF, can stimulate production of neutrophils, but is rarely indicated in the evaluation and treatment of neutropenic fever.
Additional tools to risk stratify a neutropenic fever patient and predict complications include the Clinical Index of Stable Febrile Neutropenia (CISNE) and Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Score.

next_actions

If the clinical scenario is suggestive of neutropenic fever, appropriate cultures and infectious disease workup should be instituted along with prompt initiation of empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics to cover mostly endogenous flora.

next_management

Obtain a complete blood count with differential.
ANC is calculated as 10 x WBC count in 1000s x (% PMNs + % bands).
Classify neutropenia as mild, moderate, or severe as in Evidence.
ANC values can also be interpreted by NCI risk categories:

NCI Risk Category	ANC
0	Within normal limits
1	≥1,500 to <2,000 cells/mm³
2	≥1,000 to <1,500 cells/mm³
3	≥500 to <1,000 cells/mm³
4	<500 cells/mm³

diseases

[ "Cancer", "Chemotherapy" ]

input_schema

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{ "conditionality": "", "default": null, "fhir_rules": null, "inct": null, "label_en": "% bands", "name": "bands", "optional": false, "tips_en": "", "type": "textbox", "unit": "band" }

{ "conditionality": "", "default": null, "fhir_rules": null, "inct": null, "label_en": "<abbr title=\"White blood cell\">WBC</abbr> count", "name": "white_blood_cell_count", "optional": false, "tips_en": "Per 1000. Enter as 8.4, not 8400", "type": "textbox", "unit": "wbc" }

[ { "conditionality": "", "default": null, "fhir_rules": null, "inct": null, "label_en": "% neutrophils", "name": "neutrophils", "optional": false, "tips_en": "", "type": "textbox", "unit": "neut" }, { "conditionality": "", "default": null, "fhir_rules": null, "inct": null, "label_en": "% bands", "name": "bands", "optional": false, "tips_en": "", "type": "textbox", "unit": "band" }, { "conditionality": "", "default": null, "fhir_rules": null, "inct": null, "label_en": "<abbr title=\"White blood cell\">WBC</abbr> count", "name": "white_blood_cell_count", "optional": false, "tips_en": "Per 1000. Enter as 8.4, not 8400", "type": "textbox", "unit": "wbc" } ]

instructions

published

2022-04-21T20:29:04.507Z

purpose

[ "Formula", "Diagnosis" ]

search_terms

[ "cancer", "fever", "chemo", "anc" ]

seo

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specialty

[ "Critical Care", "Emergency Medicine", "Family Practice", "Hematology and Oncology", "Infectious Disease", "Internal Medicine", "Palliative Care/Hospice" ]

departments

[ "Hematologic", "Immunologic", "Oncologic" ]

version_number

versions

[]

[ { "calcId": 3913, "short_title_en": "MASCC Risk Index", "slug": "mascc-risk-index-febrile-neutropenia" }, { "calcId": 3997, "short_title_en": "CISNE", "slug": "clinical-index-stable-febrile-neutropenia-cisne" }, { "calcId": 10547, "short_title_en": "CTCAE", "slug": "common-terminology-criteria-adverse-events-ctcae" } ]

ismed

true

section

[ "whenToUseViewed", "pearlsPitfallsViewed", "whyUseViewed", "nextStepsViewed", "evidenceViewed" ]

cleaned_departments

[ "hematology", "immunology", "oncology" ]

cleaned_use

[ "The ANC can be critical in assessing an immunocompromised patient’s risk for developing opportunistic infections. It is commonly used in the hospital setting, clinic, and emergency department. If a patient undergoing active myelosuppressive chemotherapy presents with a sustained fever (with or without localizing symptoms), there is a risk of progression to sepsis. Thus, it is imperative to calculate the ANC to assist in determining if empiric antibiotics should be initiated." ]

pub