INDICATIONS AND USAGE

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "INDICATIONS AND USAGE" }

1.1Indication

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BLEMISH ERASER is a combination of hydrocortisone (a corticosteroid), hydroquinone (a melanin synthesis inhibitor), and a tretinoin (a retinoid) that is indicated for the gradual bleaching of hyperpigmented skin conditions age and liver spots, freckles, and other unwanted areas of melanin hyperpigmentation, in the presence of measures for sun avoidance, including the use of sunscreen.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "BLEMISH ERASER is a combination of hydrocortisone (a corticosteroid), hydroquinone (a melanin synthesis inhibitor), and a tretinoin (a retinoid) that is indicated for the gradual bleaching of hyperpigmented skin conditions age and liver spots, freckles, and other unwanted areas of melanin hyperpigmentation, in the presence of measures for sun avoidance, including the use of sunscreen." }

1.2 Limitations of Use

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "1.2 Limitations of Use" }

The safety and efficacy of BLEMISH ERASER in pregnant women and nursing mothers have not been established.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "The safety and efficacy of BLEMISH ERASER in pregnant women and nursing mothers have not been established." }

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Gently wash the face and neck with a mild cleanser. Rinse and pat the skin dry. Apply a thin film of BLEMISH ERASER to the affected area once daily at night or as directed by a doctor. During the day, use O Skin Sunscreen SPF-50, and wear protective clothing. Avoid sunlight exposure to prevent repigmentation. BLEMISH ERASER is for topical use only. It is not for oral, ophthalmic, or intravaginal use.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION\n \nGently wash the face and neck with a mild cleanser. Rinse and pat the skin dry. Apply a thin film of BLEMISH ERASER to the affected area once daily at night or as directed by a doctor.\n \nDuring the day, use O Skin Sunscreen SPF-50, and wear protective clothing. Avoid sunlight exposure to prevent repigmentation.\n \nBLEMISH ERASER is for topical use only. It is not for oral, ophthalmic, or intravaginal use.\n " }

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS" }

Cream, 2%.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Cream, 2%." }

Each gram of BLEMISH ERASER contains 20.0 mg of hydroquinone in a cream base. (3)

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Each gram of BLEMISH ERASER contains 20.0 mg of hydroquinone in a cream base. (3)" }

BLEMISH ERASER is contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to this product or any of its components.. (4)

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "BLEMISH ERASER is contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to this product or any of its components.. (4)" }

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS" }

5.1 Hypersensitivity

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "5.1 Hypersensitivity" }

If anaphylaxis, asthma or other clinically significantly hypersensitivity reactions occur, institute appropriate therapy and discontinue BLEMISH ERASER. Allergic contact dermatitis may also occur.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "If anaphylaxis, asthma or other clinically significantly hypersensitivity reactions occur, institute appropriate therapy and discontinue BLEMISH ERASER. Allergic contact dermatitis may also occur." }

Since this product contains no sunscreen, an effective broad spectrum sun blocking agent should be used and unnecessary solar exposure avoided, or protective clothing should be worn to cover bleached skin in order to prevent repigmentation from occurring.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Since this product contains no sunscreen, an effective broad spectrum sun blocking agent should be used and unnecessary solar exposure avoided, or protective clothing should be worn to cover bleached skin in order to prevent repigmentation from occurring." }

5.2 Exogenous Ochronosis BLEMISH ERASER contains hydroquinone, which may produce exogenous ochronosis, a gradual blue-black darkening of the skin, the occurrence of which should prompt discontinuation of therapy. Most patients developing this condition are Black, but it may also occur in Caucasians and Hispanics.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "5.2 Exogenous Ochronosis\n \nBLEMISH ERASER contains hydroquinone, which may produce exogenous ochronosis, a gradual blue-black darkening of the skin, the occurrence of which should prompt discontinuation of therapy. Most patients developing this condition are Black, but it may also occur in Caucasians and Hispanics.\n " }

5.3. Effects on Endocrine System

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "5.3. Effects on Endocrine System" }

Manifestations of Cushing’s syndrome, hyperglycemia, and glucosuria can also be produced by systemic absorption of topical corticosteroid while treatment. If HPA axis suppression is noted, the use of BLEMISH ERASER should be discontinued. Recovery of HPA axis function generally occurs upon discontinuation of topical corticosteroids.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Manifestations of Cushing’s syndrome, hyperglycemia, and glucosuria can also be produced by systemic absorption of topical corticosteroid while treatment. If HPA axis suppression is noted, the use of BLEMISH ERASER should be discontinued. Recovery of HPA axis function generally occurs upon discontinuation of topical corticosteroids." }

5.4 Cutaneous Reactions BLEMISH ERASER contains hydroquinone that may cause mild to moderate irritation. Local irritation, such as skin reddening, peeling, mild burning sensation, dryness, and pruritus may be expected at the site of application. Transient skin reddening or mild burning sensation does not preclude treatment. If a reaction suggests hypersensitivity or chemical irritation, discontinue use of the medication and call a doctor. Patients should avoid medicated or abrasive soaps and cleansers, soaps and cosmetics with drying effects, products with high concentrations of alcohol and astringents, and other irritants or keratolytic drugs while on BLEMISH ERASER treatment. Avoid use of medications that are known to be photosensitizing.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "5.4 Cutaneous Reactions\n \nBLEMISH ERASER contains hydroquinone that may cause mild to moderate irritation. Local irritation, such as skin reddening, peeling, mild burning sensation, dryness, and pruritus may be expected at the site of application. Transient skin reddening or mild burning sensation does not preclude treatment. If a reaction suggests hypersensitivity or chemical irritation, discontinue use of the medication and call a doctor.\n \nPatients should avoid medicated or abrasive soaps and cleansers, soaps and cosmetics with drying effects, products with high concentrations of alcohol and astringents, and other irritants or keratolytic drugs while on BLEMISH ERASER treatment. Avoid use of medications that are known to be photosensitizing.\n " }

No systemic adverse reactions have been reported. Occasional hypersensitivity (localized contact dermatitis) may occur, in which case the medication should be discontinued and the physician notified immediately.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "No systemic adverse reactions have been reported. Occasional hypersensitivity (localized contact dermatitis) may occur, in which case the medication should be discontinued and the physician notified immediately." }

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Patients should avoid medicated or abrasive soaps and cleansers, soaps and cosmetics with drying effects, products with high concentration of alcohol and astringent, and other irritants or keratolytic drugs while on BLEMISH ERASER Cream treatment. Patients are cautioned on concomitant use of medications that are known to be photosensitizing.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "7 DRUG INTERACTIONS\n \nPatients should avoid medicated or abrasive soaps and cleansers, soaps and cosmetics with drying effects, products with high concentration of alcohol and astringent, and other irritants or keratolytic drugs while on BLEMISH ERASER Cream treatment. Patients are cautioned on concomitant use of medications that are known to be photosensitizing.\n " }

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS" }

8.1 Pregnancy

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "8.1 Pregnancy" }

Teratogenic Effects: Pregnancy Category C

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Teratogenic Effects: Pregnancy Category C" }

In general, use of drugs should be reduced to a minimum in pregnancy. If a patient has been inadvertently exposed to BLEMISH ERASER in pregnancy, she should be counseled on the risk of teratogenesis due to this exposure. The risk of teratogenesis due to topical exposure to BLEMISH ERASER may be considered low. However, exposure during the period of organogenesis in the first trimester is theoretically more likely to produce adverse outcome than in later pregnancy.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "In general, use of drugs should be reduced to a minimum in pregnancy. If a patient has been inadvertently exposed to BLEMISH ERASER in pregnancy, she should be counseled on the risk of teratogenesis due to this exposure. The risk of teratogenesis due to topical exposure to BLEMISH ERASER may be considered low. However, exposure during the period of organogenesis in the first trimester is theoretically more likely to produce adverse outcome than in later pregnancy." }

8.3 Nursing Mothers

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "\n\n8.3 Nursing Mothers\n " }

Corticosteroids, when systemically administered, appear in human milk. It is not known whether topical application of BLEMISH ERASER could result in sufficient systemic absorption to produce detectable quantities of hydroquinone in human milk. Because many drugs are secreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when BLEMISH ERASER is administered to a nursing woman. Care should be taken to avoid contact between the infant being nursed and BLEMISH ERASER. 8.4 Pediatric Use

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Corticosteroids, when systemically administered, appear in human milk. It is not known whether topical application of BLEMISH ERASER could result in sufficient systemic absorption to produce detectable quantities of hydroquinone in human milk. Because many drugs are secreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when BLEMISH ERASER is administered to a nursing woman. Care should be taken to avoid contact between the infant being nursed and BLEMISH ERASER.\n \n\n8.4 Pediatric Use\n " }

Safety and effectiveness of BLEMISH ERASER in pediatric patients have not been established.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Safety and effectiveness of BLEMISH ERASER in pediatric patients have not been established." }

8.5 Geriatric Use

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "8.5 Geriatric Use" }

In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy." }

10 OVERDOSAGE

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There have been no systemic reactions reported from the use of topical hydroquinone. However, treatment should be limited to relatively small areas of the body at one time, since some patients experience a transient skin reddening and a mild burning sensation which does not preclude treatment.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "There have been no systemic reactions reported from the use of topical hydroquinone. However, treatment should be limited to relatively small areas of the body at one time, since some patients experience a transient skin reddening and a mild burning sensation which does not preclude treatment." }

11 DESCRIPTION

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BLEMISH ERASER contains 2% of hydroquinone, USP, in a cream base for topical application.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "BLEMISH ERASER contains 2% of hydroquinone, USP, in a cream base for topical application." }

Hydroquinone is a melanin synthesis inhibitor. It is prepared from the reduction of p-benzoquinone with sodium bisulfite. It occurs as fine white needles that darken on exposure to air. The chemical name for hydroquinone is: 1,4-benzenediol. The molecular formula is C6H6O2 and molecular weight is 110.11. Hydroquinone has the following structural formula:

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "\n\nHydroquinone is a melanin synthesis inhibitor. It is prepared from the reduction of p-benzoquinone with sodium bisulfite. It occurs as fine white needles that darken on exposure to air. The chemical name for hydroquinone is: 1,4-benzenediol. The molecular formula is C6H6O2 and molecular weight is 110.11. Hydroquinone has the following structural formula:\n " }

BLEMISH ERASER contains Active: 2% (20 mg) Hydroquinone. Inactive: 4-Butylresorcinol, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, BHT, C13-14 Isoparaffin, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Oleosomes, Ceramide-NP, Cetyl Palmitate, Cetyl PEG/PPG-10/1 Dimethicone, Citric Acid, Diazolidinyl Urea, Dimethyl Isosorbide, Glycerin, Hexyl Laurate, Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate, Kojic Acid, Laureth-23, Laureth-7, Maltodextrin, Phenoxyethanol, Polyacrylamide, Polyglyceryl-4 Isostearate, Polysorbate 20, Retinol, Silica, Sodium Hyaluronate, Sodium Hydroxide, Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate, Tocopheryl Acetate, Trideceth-6 Phosphate, Triethylene Glycol, Water/Aqua.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "BLEMISH ERASER contains Active: 2% (20 mg) Hydroquinone. Inactive: 4-Butylresorcinol, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, BHT, C13-14 Isoparaffin, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Oleosomes, Ceramide-NP, Cetyl Palmitate, Cetyl PEG/PPG-10/1 Dimethicone, Citric Acid, Diazolidinyl Urea, Dimethyl Isosorbide, Glycerin, Hexyl Laurate, Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate, Kojic Acid, Laureth-23, Laureth-7, Maltodextrin, Phenoxyethanol, Polyacrylamide, Polyglyceryl-4 Isostearate, Polysorbate 20, Retinol, Silica, Sodium Hyaluronate, Sodium Hydroxide, Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate, Tocopheryl Acetate, Trideceth-6 Phosphate, Triethylene Glycol, Water/Aqua." }

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

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12.1 Mechanism of Action

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "12.1 Mechanism of Action" }

The mechanism of action of the active ingredients in BLEMISH ERASER in the treatment of melasma is unknown.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "The mechanism of action of the active ingredients in BLEMISH ERASER in the treatment of melasma is unknown." }

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY" }

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

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Carcinogenesis

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Studies of hydroquinone in animals have demonstrated some evidence of carcinogenicity. The carcinogenic potential of hydroquinone in humans is unknown.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Studies of hydroquinone in animals have demonstrated some evidence of carcinogenicity. The carcinogenic potential of hydroquinone in humans is unknown." }

Mutagenesis

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Mutagenesis" }

Mutagenicity studies were not conducted with this combination of active ingredients. Published studies have demonstrated that hydroquinone is a mutagen and a clastogen. Treatment with hydroquinone has resulted in positive findings for genetic toxicity in the Ames assay in bacterial strains sensitive to oxidizing mutagens, in in vitro studies in mammalian cells, and in the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay. Tretinoin has been shown to be negative for mutagenesis in the Ames assay. Additional information regarding the genetic toxicity potential of tretinoin is not available.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Mutagenicity studies were not conducted with this combination of active ingredients. Published studies have demonstrated that hydroquinone is a mutagen and a clastogen. Treatment with hydroquinone has resulted in positive findings for genetic toxicity in the Ames assay in bacterial strains sensitive to oxidizing mutagens, in in vitro studies in mammalian cells, and in the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay. Tretinoin has been shown to be negative for mutagenesis in the Ames assay. Additional information regarding the genetic toxicity potential of tretinoin is not available." }

Impairment of Fertility

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Impairment of Fertility" }

No studies of fertility and early embryonic toxicity of this drug product has been performed.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "No studies of fertility and early embryonic toxicity of this drug product has been performed." }

16 HOW SUPPLIED

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BLEMISH ERASER is light yellow in color, and supplied in 48 g jar, NDC 71421-801-30.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "BLEMISH ERASER is light yellow in color, and supplied in 48 g jar, NDC 71421-801-30." }

Storage: Keep tightly closed. Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C – 30°C (59°F – 86°F) away from direct sunlight. KEEP REFRIGERATED.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Storage: Keep tightly closed. Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C – 30°C (59°F – 86°F) away from direct sunlight. KEEP REFRIGERATED." }

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION See FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information). Inform patients of the following: • Advise patients to change to non-hormonal forms of birth control, if hormonal methods are used. • Use BLEMISH ERASER as directed by the health care provider and do not use BLEMISH ERASER for any disorder other than that for which it is prescribed. • Avoid exposure to sunlight, sunlamp, or ultraviolet light. Patients who are consistently exposed to sunlight or skin irritants either through their work environment or habits should exercise particular caution. Use sunscreen and protective covering (such as the use of a hat) over the treated areas. Sunscreen use is an essential aspect of melasma therapy, as even minimal sunlight sustains melanocytic activity. • Weather extremes, such as heat or cold, may be irritating to patients treated with BLEMISH ERASER. Because of the drying effect of this medication, a moisturizer may be applied to the face in the morning after washing. • Keep BLEMISH ERASER away from the eyes, nose, angles of the mouth, or open wounds because these areas are more sensitive to the irritant effect. If local irritation persists or becomes severe, discontinue application of the medication and consult your health care provider. Seek medical attention if you experience allergic contact dermatitis, blistering, crusting, and severe burning or swelling of the skin and irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, and mouth. • If the medication is applied excessively, marked redness, peeling, or discomfort may occur. • Wash your hands after each application.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "\n\n17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION\n \nSee FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information).\n \nInform patients of the following: \n \n• Advise patients to change to non-hormonal forms of birth control, if hormonal methods are used. \n \n• Use BLEMISH ERASER as directed by the health care provider and do not use BLEMISH ERASER for any disorder other than that for which it is prescribed. \n \n• Avoid exposure to sunlight, sunlamp, or ultraviolet light. Patients who are consistently exposed to sunlight or \n \nskin irritants either through their work environment or habits should exercise particular caution. Use sunscreen \n \nand protective covering (such as the use of a hat) over the treated areas. Sunscreen use is an essential aspect \n \nof melasma therapy, as even minimal sunlight sustains melanocytic activity. \n \n• Weather extremes, such as heat or cold, may be irritating to patients treated with BLEMISH ERASER. Because of the drying effect of this medication, a moisturizer may be applied to the face in the morning after washing. \n \n• Keep BLEMISH ERASER away from the eyes, nose, angles of the mouth, or open wounds \n \nbecause these areas are more sensitive to the irritant effect. If local irritation persists or becomes severe, \n \ndiscontinue application of the medication and consult your health care provider. Seek medical attention if you \n \nexperience allergic contact dermatitis, blistering, crusting, and severe burning or swelling of the skin and irritation \n \nof the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, and mouth. \n \n• If the medication is applied excessively, marked redness, peeling, or discomfort may occur. \n \n• Wash your hands after each application.\n \n\n" }