Dicyclomine hydrochloride injection is indicated for the treatment of patients with functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dicyclomine hydrochloride injection is indicated for the treatment of patients with functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome." }

Dicyclomine Hydrochloride Intramuscular Injection must be administered via intramuscularroute only. Do not administer by any other route.

The recommended intramuscular dose is 10 mg to 20 mg four times a day [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12)] .

The intramuscular injection is to be used only for 1 or 2 days when the patient cannot take oral medication.

Intramuscular injection is about twice as bioavailable as oral dosage forms.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.

Aspirate the syringe before injecting to avoid intravascular injection, since thrombosis may occur if the drug is inadvertently injected intravascularly.

Dicyclomine Hydrochloride Injection, USP 20 mg/2 mL (10 mg/mL)

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dicyclomine Hydrochloride Injection, USP 20 mg/2 mL (10 mg/mL)" }

Dicyclomine hydrochloride is contraindicated in infants less than 6 months of age [see Use in Specific Populations( 8.4)] , nursing mothers [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.3)] , and in patients with:

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dicyclomine hydrochloride is contraindicated in infants less than 6 months of age\n \n [see Use in Specific Populations(\n \n 8.4)]\n \n , nursing mothers\n \n [see Use in Specific Populations (\n \n 8.3)]\n \n , and in patients with:\n\n " }

{ "type": "ul", "children": [ "unstable cardiovascular status in acute hemorrhage", "myasthenia gravis\n \n [see Warnings and Precautions (\n \n 5.4)]\n \n \n", "glaucoma\n \n [see Adverse Reactions (\n \n 6.3) and Drug Interactions (\n \n 7.1)]\n \n \n", "obstructive uropathy\n \n [see Warnings and Precautions (\n \n 5.8)]\n \n \n", "obstructive disease of the gastrointestinal tract\n \n [see Warnings and Precautions (\n \n 5.5)]\n \n \n", "severe ulcerative colitis\n \n [see Warnings and Precautions (\n \n 5.7)]\n \n \n", "reflux esophagitis" ], "text": "" }

Dicyclomine hydrochloride solution is for intramuscular administration only. Do not administer by any other route. Inadvertent intravenous administration may result in thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, and injection site reactions such as pain, edema, skin color change, and reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.2)] .

Dicyclomine hydrochloride needs to be used with caution in conditions characterized by tachyarrhythmia such as thyrotoxicosis, congestive heart failure and in cardiac surgery, where they may further accelerate the heart rate. Investigate any tachycardia before administration of dicyclomine hydrochloride. Care is required in patients with coronary heart disease, as ischemia and infarction may be worsened, and in patients with hypertension [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.3)] .

The peripheral effects of dicyclomine hydrochloride are a consequence of their inhibitory effect on muscarinic receptors of the autonomic nervous system. They include dryness of the mouth with difficulty in swallowing and talking, thirst, reduced bronchial secretions, dilatation of the pupils (mydriasis) with loss of accommodation (cycloplegia) and photophobia, flushing and dryness of the skin, transient bradycardia followed by tachycardia, with palpitations and arrhythmias, and difficulty in micturition, as well as reduction in the tone and motility of the gastrointestinal tract leading to constipation [see Adverse Reactions ( 6)] .

In the presence of high environmental temperature heat prostration can occur with drug use (fever and heat stroke due to decreased sweating). It should also be used cautiously in patients with fever. If symptoms occur, the drug should be discontinued and supportive measures instituted. Because of the inhibitory effect on muscarinic receptors within the autonomic nervous system, caution should be taken in patients with autonomic neuropathy.

Central nervous system (CNS) signs and symptoms include confusional state, disorientation, amnesia, hallucinations, dysarthria, ataxia, coma, euphoria, fatigue, insomnia, agitation and mannerisms, and inappropriate affect.

Psychosis and delirium have been reported in sensitive individuals (such as elderly patients and/or in patients with mental illness) given anticholinergic drugs. These CNS signs and symptoms usually resolve within 12 to 24 hours after discontinuation of the drug.

Dicyclomine hydrochloride may produce drowsiness, dizziness or blurred vision. The patient should be warned not to engage in activities requiring mental alertness, such as operating a motor vehicle or other machinery or performing hazardous work while taking dicyclomine hydrochloride.

With overdosage, a curare-like action may occur (i.e., neuromuscular blockade leading to muscular weakness and possible paralysis). It should not be given to patients with myasthenia gravis except to reduce adverse muscarinic effects of an anticholinesterase [see Contraindications ( 4)].

Diarrhea may be an early symptom of incomplete intestinal obstruction, especially in patients with ileostomy or colostomy. In this instance, treatment with this drug would be inappropriate and possibly harmful [see Contraindications ( 4)].

Rarely development of Ogilvie's syndrome (colonic pseudo-obstruction) has been reported. Ogilvie's syndrome is a clinical disorder with signs, symptoms, and radiographic appearance of an acute large bowel obstruction but with no evidence of distal colonic obstruction.

Toxic dilatation of intestine and intestinal perforation is possible when anticholinergic agents are administered in patients with Salmonella dysentery.

Caution should be taken in patients with ulcerative colitis. Large doses may suppress intestinal motility to the point of producing a paralytic ileus and the use of this drug may precipitate or aggravate the serious complication of toxic megacolon [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.3)] . Dicyclomine is contraindicated in patients with severe ulcerative colitis [see Contraindications ( 4)].

Dicyclomine hydrochloride should be used with caution in patients with known or suspected prostatic enlargement, in whom prostatic enlargement may lead to urinary retention [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.3)] .

Dicyclomine hydrochloride should be used with caution in patients with known hepatic and renal impairment.

Dicyclomine hydrochloride should be used with caution in elderly who may be more susceptible to its adverse effects.

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The data described below reflect exposure in controlled clinical trials involving over 100 patients treated for functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome with dicyclomine hydrochloride at initial doses of 160 mg daily (40 mg four times a day).

In these trials most of the side effects were typically anticholinergic in nature and were reported by 61% of the patients. Table 1presents adverse reactions ( MedDRA 13.0preferred terms) by decreasing order of frequency in a side-by-side comparison with placebo.

<div class="scrollingtable"><table width="100%"> <caption> <span>Table 1: Adverse Reactions Experienced in Controlled Clinical Trials with Decreasing Order of Frequency</span> </caption> <col align="left" width="28.100%"/> <col align="left" width="53.600%"/> <col align="left" width="18.300%"/> <tbody class="Headless"> <tr class="First"> <td align="left" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top"><span class="Bold">MedDRA Preferred Term</span></td><td align="left" class="Botrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top"><span class="Bold">Dicyclomine Hydrochloride (40 mg four times a day) %</span></td><td align="left" class="Botrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top"><span class="Bold">Placebo %</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule" valign="top">Dry Mouth</td><td align="left" class="Botrule Rrule" valign="top">33</td><td align="left" class="Botrule Rrule" valign="top">5</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule" valign="top">Dizziness</td><td align="left" class="Botrule Rrule" valign="top">40</td><td align="left" class="Botrule Rrule" valign="top">5</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule" valign="top">Vision Blurred</td><td align="left" class="Botrule Rrule" valign="top">27</td><td align="left" class="Botrule Rrule" valign="top">2</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule" valign="top">Nausea</td><td align="left" class="Botrule Rrule" valign="top">14</td><td align="left" class="Botrule Rrule" valign="top">6</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule" valign="top">Somnolence</td><td align="left" class="Botrule Rrule" valign="top">9</td><td align="left" class="Botrule Rrule" valign="top">1</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule" valign="top">Asthenia</td><td align="left" class="Botrule Rrule" valign="top">7</td><td align="left" class="Botrule Rrule" valign="top">1</td> </tr> <tr class="Last"> <td align="left" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule" valign="top">Nervousness</td><td align="left" class="Botrule Rrule" valign="top">6</td><td align="left" class="Botrule Rrule" valign="top">2</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div>

Nine percent (9%) of patients were discontinued from dicyclomine hydrochloride because of one or more of these side effects (compared with 2% in the placebo group). In 41% of the patients with side effects, side effects disappeared or were tolerated at the 160 mg daily dose without reduction. A dose reduction from 160 mg daily to an average daily dose of 90 mg was required in 46% of the patients with side effects who then continued to experience a favorable clinical response; their side effects either disappeared or were tolerated.

The following adverse reactions, presented by system organ class in alphabetical order, have been identified during post approval use of dicyclomine hydrochloride. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Cases of thrombosis, thrombophlebitis and injection site reactions such as local pain, edema, skin color change and even reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome have been reported following inadvertent IV injection of dicyclomine.

Gastrointestinal:anorexia,

Central Nervous System:tingling, numbness, dyskinesia, speech disturbance, insomnia

Peripheral Nervous System:With overdosage, a curare-like action may occur (i.e., neuromuscular blockade leading to muscular weakness and possible paralysis).

Ophthalmologic:diplopia, increased ocular tension

Dermatologic/Allergic:urticaria, itching, and other dermal manifestations

Genitourinary:urinary hesitancy, urinary retention in patients with prostatic hypertrophy

Cardiovascular:hypertension

Respiratory:apnea

Other:decreased sweating, sneezing, throat congestion, impotence. With the injectable form, there may be temporary sensation of light-headedness. Some local irritation and focal coagulation necrosis may occur following the intramuscular injection of dicyclomine hydrochloride.

Anticholinergics antagonize the effects of antiglaucoma agents. Anticholinergic drugs in the presence of increased intraocular pressure may be hazardous when taken concurrently with agents such as corticosteroids. Use of dicyclomine hydrochloride in patients with glaucoma is not recommended [see Contraindications ( 4)].

The following agents may increase certain actions or side effects of anticholinergic drugs including dicyclomine hydrochloride: amantadine, antiarrhythmic agents of Class I (e.g., quinidine), antihistamines, antipsychotic agents (e.g., phenothiazines), benzodiazepines, MAO inhibitors, narcotic analgesics (e.g., meperidine), nitrates and nitrites, sympathomimetic agents, tricyclic antidepressants, and other drugs having anticholinergic activity.

Interaction with other gastrointestinal motility drugs may antagonize the effects of drugs that alter gastrointestinal motility, such as metoclopramide.

Because antacids may interfere with the absorption of anticholinergic agents including dicyclomine hydrochloride, simultaneous use of these drugs should be avoided.

Anticholinergic agents may affect gastrointestinal absorption of various drugs by affecting on gastrointestinal motility, such as slowly dissolving dosage forms of digoxin; increased serum digoxin concentration may result.

The inhibiting effects of anticholinergic drugs on gastric hydrochloric acid secretion are antagonized by agents used to treat achlorhydria and those used to test gastric secretion.

Pregnancy Category B

Adequate and well-controlled studies have not been conducted with dicyclomine hydrochloride in pregnant women at the recommended doses of 80 to 160 mg/day. However, epidemiologic studies did not show an increased risk of structural malformations among babies born to women who took products containing dicyclomine hydrochloride at doses up to 40 mg/day during the first trimester of pregnancy. Reproduction studies have been performed in rats and rabbits at doses up to 33 times the maximum recommended human dose based on 160 mg/day (3 mg/kg) and have revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus due to dicyclomine hydrochloride. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

Dicyclomine hydrochloride is contraindicated in women who are breastfeeding. Dicyclomine hydrochloride is excreted in human milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breast-fed infants from dicyclomine hydrochloride, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4)] .

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Dicyclomine hydrochloride is contraindicated in infants less than 6 months of age [see Contraindications ( 4)] . There are published cases reporting that the administration of dicyclomine hydrochloride to infants has been followed by serious respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, shortness of breath, breathlessness, respiratory collapse, apnea and asphyxia), seizures, syncope, pulse rate fluctuations, muscular hypotonia, and coma, and death, however; no causal relationship has been established.

Clinical studies of dicyclomine hydrochloride did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range in adults, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.

Effects of renal impairment on PK, safety and efficacy of dicyclomine hydrochloride have not been studied. Dicyclomine hydrochloride drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Dicyclomine hydrochloride should be administered with caution in patients with renal impairment.

Effects of renal impairment on PK, safety and efficacy of dicyclomine hydrochloride have not been studied. Dicyclomine hydrochloride should be administered with caution in patients with hepatic impairment.

In case of an overdose, patients should contact a physician, poison control center (1-800-222-1222), or emergency room.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "In case of an overdose, patients should contact a physician, poison control center (1-800-222-1222), or emergency room." }

The signs and symptoms of overdosage include: headache; nausea; vomiting; blurred vision; dilated pupils; hot, dry skin; dizziness; dryness of the mouth; difficulty in swallowing; and CNS stimulation including convulsion. A curare-like action may occur (i.e., neuromuscular blockade leading to muscular weakness and possible paralysis).

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "The signs and symptoms of overdosage include: headache; nausea; vomiting; blurred vision; dilated pupils; hot, dry skin; dizziness; dryness of the mouth; difficulty in swallowing; and CNS stimulation including convulsion. A curare-like action may occur (i.e., neuromuscular blockade leading to muscular weakness and possible paralysis)." }

One reported event included a 37-year-old who reported numbness on the left side, cold fingertips, blurred vision, abdominal and flank pain, decreased appetite, dry mouth, and nervousness following ingestion of 320 mg daily (four 20 mg tablets four times daily). These events resolved after discontinuing the dicyclomine hydrochloride.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "One reported event included a 37-year-old who reported numbness on the left side, cold fingertips, blurred vision, abdominal and flank pain, decreased appetite, dry mouth, and nervousness following ingestion of 320 mg daily (four 20 mg tablets four times daily). These events resolved after discontinuing the dicyclomine hydrochloride." }

The acute oral LD50 of the drug is 625 mg/kg in mice.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "The acute oral LD50 of the drug is 625 mg/kg in mice." }

The amount of drug in a single dose that is ordinarily associated with symptoms of overdosage or that is likely to be life-threatening, has not been defined. The maximum human oral dose recorded was 600 mg by mouth in a 10-month-old child and approximately 1500 mg in an adult, each of whom survived. In three of the infants who died following administration of dicyclomine hydrochloride [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1)], t he blood concentrations of drug were 200, 220, and 505 ng/mL.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "The amount of drug in a single dose that is ordinarily associated with symptoms of overdosage or that is likely to be life-threatening, has not been defined. The maximum human oral dose recorded was 600 mg by mouth in a 10-month-old child and approximately 1500 mg in an adult, each of whom survived. In three of the infants who died following administration of dicyclomine hydrochloride\n \n [see Warnings and Precautions (\n \n 5.1)], t\n \n he blood concentrations of drug were 200, 220, and 505 ng/mL.\n\n " }

It is not known if dicyclomine hydrochloride is dialyzable.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "It is not known if dicyclomine hydrochloride is dialyzable." }

Treatment should consist of gastric lavage, emetics, and activated charcoal. Sedatives (e.g., short- acting barbiturates, benzodiazepines) may be used for management of overt signs of excitement. If indicated, an appropriate parenteral cholinergic agent may be used as an antidote.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Treatment should consist of gastric lavage, emetics, and activated charcoal. Sedatives (e.g., short- acting barbiturates, benzodiazepines) may be used for management of overt signs of excitement. If indicated, an appropriate parenteral cholinergic agent may be used as an antidote." }

Dicyclomine hydrochloride is an antispasmodic and anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agent.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dicyclomine hydrochloride is an antispasmodic and anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agent." }

Dicyclomine Hydrochloride Injection, USP is a sterile, pyrogen-free, aqueous solution for intramuscular injection ( NOT FOR INTRAVENOUS USE). Each mL contains 10 mg dicyclomine hydrochloride USP in sterile water for injection, made isotonic with sodium chloride.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dicyclomine Hydrochloride Injection, USP is a sterile, pyrogen-free, aqueous solution for intramuscular injection ( \n NOT FOR INTRAVENOUS USE). Each mL contains 10 mg dicyclomine hydrochloride USP in sterile water for injection, made isotonic with sodium chloride.\n " }

Dicyclomine hydrochloride is [bicyclohexyl]-1-carboxylic acid, 2-(diethylamino) ethyl ester, hydrochloride, with a molecular formula of C 19H 35NO 2•HCl and the following structural formula:

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dicyclomine hydrochloride is [bicyclohexyl]-1-carboxylic acid, 2-(diethylamino) ethyl ester, hydrochloride, with a molecular formula of C \n 19H \n 35NO \n 2•HCl and the following structural formula:\n " }

Molecular weight: 345.95

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Molecular weight: 345.95" }

Dicyclomine hydrochloride occurs as a fine, white, crystalline, practically odorless powder with a bitter taste. It is soluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol and chloroform, and very slightly soluble in ether.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dicyclomine hydrochloride occurs as a fine, white, crystalline, practically odorless powder with a bitter taste. It is soluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol and chloroform, and very slightly soluble in ether." }

Dicyclomine hydrochloride relieves smooth muscle spasm of the gastrointestinal tract. Animal studies indicate that this action is achieved via a dual mechanism:

Atropine did not affect responses to these two agonists. In vivostudies in cats and dogs showed dicyclomine hydrochloride to be equally potent against acetylcholine (ACh)- or barium chloride (BaCl2)-induced intestinal spasm while atropine was at least 200 times more potent against effects of ACh than BaCl2. Tests for mydriatic effects in mice showed that dicyclomine hydrochloride was approximately 1/500 as potent as atropine; antisialagogue tests in rabbits showed dicyclomine hydrochloride to be 1/300 as potent as atropine.

Dicyclomine hydrochloride can inhibit the secretion of saliva and sweat, decrease gastrointestinal secretions and motility, cause drowsiness, dilate the pupils, increase heart rate, and depress motor function.

Absorption and Distribution

In man, dicyclomine hydrochloride is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, reaching peak values within 60 to 90 minutes. Mean volume of distribution for a 20 mg oral dose is approximately 3.65 L/kg suggesting extensive distribution in tissues.

Elimination

The metabolism of dicyclomine hydrochloride was not studied. The principal route of excretion is via the urine (79.5% of the dose). Excretion also occurs in the feces, but to a lesser extent (8.4%). Mean half-life of plasma elimination in one study was determined to be approximately 1.8 hours when plasma concentrations were measured for 9 hours after a single dose. In subsequent studies, plasma concentrations were followed for up to 24 hours after a single dose, showing a secondary phase of elimination with a somewhat longer half-life.

Long-term animal studies have not been conducted to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of dicyclomine hydrochloride. In studies in rats at doses of up to 100 mg/kg/day, dicyclomine hydrochloride produced no deleterious effects on breeding, conception, or parturition.

In controlled clinical trials involving over 100 patients who received drug, 82% of patients treated for functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome with dicyclomine hydrochloride at initial doses of 160 mg daily (40 mg four times daily) demonstrated a favorable clinical response compared with 55% treated with placebo (p<0.05).

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "In controlled clinical trials involving over 100 patients who received drug, 82% of patients treated for functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome with dicyclomine hydrochloride at initial doses of 160 mg daily (40 mg four times daily) demonstrated a favorable clinical response compared with 55% treated with placebo (p<0.05)." }

Dicyclomine Hydrochloride Injection, USP, 20 mg/2 mL (10 mg/mL) single dose vials, ( for IM use only, NOT FOR IV USE) is supplied as follows:

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dicyclomine Hydrochloride Injection, USP, 20 mg/2 mL (10 mg/mL) single dose vials, (\n \n for IM use only, NOT FOR IV USE) is supplied as follows:\n\n " }

NDC 14789-010-02: boxes of 5 vials

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "\nNDC 14789-010-02: boxes of 5 vials\n\n " }

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from freezing.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature].\n \n Protect from freezing.\n" }

Dicyclomine Hydrochloride Injection is for intramuscular administration only. Do not administer by any other route. Inadvertent administration may result in thrombosis or thrombophlebitis, and injection site such as pain, edema, skin color change and even reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.2)] .

Inform parents and caregivers not to administer dicyclomine hydrochloride in infants less than 6 months of age [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4)] .

Advise lactating women that dicyclomine hydrochloride should not be used while breastfeeding their infants [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.3, 8.4)] .

In the presence of a high environmental temperature, heat prostration can occur with dicyclomine hydrochloride use (fever and heat stroke due to decreased sweating). If symptoms occur, the drug should be discontinued and a physician contacted. Dicyclomine hydrochloride may produce drowsiness or blurred vision. The patient should be warned not to engage in activities requiring mental alertness, such as operating a motor vehicle or other machinery or to perform hazardous work while taking dicyclomine hydrochloride [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3)].

The container closure is not made with natural rubber latex.

Manufactured in the USA by: Nexus Pharmaceuticals Lincolnshire, IL 60069 USA

DCMPI01R02

NEXUS PHARMACEUTICALS Revised: 11/2022

Principal Display Panel - Dicyclomine HCl Injection Carton Label

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NEXUS PHARMACEUTICALS

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "NEXUS\n \nPHARMACEUTICALS\n " }

NDC 14789-010-02

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "NDC 14789-010-02" }

Dicyclomine HCl Injection, USP

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "\nDicyclomine HCl Injection, USP\n" }

20 mg/2 mL (10 mg/mL)

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "\n20 mg/2 mL (10 mg/mL)\n" }

For Intramuscular Injection Only

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "\nFor Intramuscular Injection Only\n" }

5 X 2 mL Single-dose vials

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "5 X 2 mL Single-dose vials" }

Rx only

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "\nRx only\n" }

Principal Display Panel - Dicyclomine HCl Injection Vial Label

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "\nPrincipal Display Panel - Dicyclomine HCl Injection Vial Label\n" }

NDC 14789-010-07

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "NDC 14789-010-07" }

Dicyclomine HCl Injection, USP

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "\nDicyclomine HCl Injection, USP\n" }

20 mg/2 mL (10 mg/mL)

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "\n20 mg/2 mL (10 mg/mL)\n" }

FOR INTRAMUSCULAR USE ONLY

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "\nFOR INTRAMUSCULAR USE ONLY\n" }

Rx Only

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Rx Only" }

One 2 mL Single-dose Vial

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "\nOne 2 mL Single-dose Vial\n" }

Dicyclomine hydrochloride is indicated for the treatment of patients with functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dicyclomine hydrochloride is indicated for the treatment of patients with functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome." }

The recommended initial dose is 20 mg four times a day. After one week treatment with the initial dose, the dose may be increased to 40 mg four times a day unless side effects limit dosage escalation.

If efficacy is not achieved within 2 weeks or side effects require doses below 80 mg per day, the drug should be discontinued. Documented safety data are not available for doses above 80 mg daily for periods longer than 2 weeks.

Dicyclomine hydrochloride oral solution 10 mg/5 mL

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dicyclomine hydrochloride oral solution 10 mg/5 mL" }

Dicyclomine hydrochloride is contraindicated in infants less than 6 months of age [ see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)], nursing mothers [ see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)], and in patients with:

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{ "type": "ul", "children": [ "unstable cardiovascular status in acute hemorrhage", "myasthenia gravis [\n \n see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]\n \n ", "glaucoma [\n \n see Adverse Reactions (6.3)and\n \n Drug Interactions (7.1)]\n \n ", "obstructive uropathy [\n \n see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)]\n \n ", "obstructive disease of the gastrointestinal tract [\n \n see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]\n \n ", "severe ulcerative colitis [\n \n see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]\n \n ", " reflux esophagitis" ], "text": "" }

Dicyclomine hydrochloride needs to be used with caution in conditions characterized by tachyarrhythmia such as thyrotoxicosis, congestive heart failure and in cardiac surgery, where they may further accelerate the heart rate. Investigate any tachycardia before administration of dicyclomine hydrochloride. Care is required in patients with coronary heart disease, as ischemia and infarction may be worsened, and in patients with hypertension [ see Adverse Reactions (6.3)].

The peripheral effects of dicyclomine hydrochloride are a consequence of their inhibitory effect on muscarinic receptors of the autonomic nervous system. They include dryness of the  mouth with difficulty in swallowing and talking, thirst, reduced bronchial secretions, dilatation of the pupils (mydriasis) with loss of accommodation (cycloplegia) and photophobia, flushing and dryness  of  the skin, transient bradycardia followed by tachycardia, with palpitations and arrhythmias, and difficulty in micturition, as well as reduction in the tone and motility of the gastrointestinal tract leading to constipation [ see Adverse Reactions (6)].

In the presence of high environmental temperature heat prostration can occur with drug use (fever and heat stroke due to decreased sweating). It should also be used cautiously in patients with fever. If symptoms occur, the drug should be discontinued and supportive measures instituted. Because of the inhibitory effect on muscarinic receptors within the autonomic nervous system, caution should be taken in patients with autonomic neuropathy. Central nervous system (CNS) signs and symptoms include confusion, disorientation, short-term amnesia, hallucinations, dysarthria, ataxia, coma, euphoria, fatigue, insomnia, agitation and mannerisms, and inappropriate affect. Psychosis has been reported in sensitive individuals given anticholinergic drugs. These CNS signs and symptoms usually resolve within 12 to 24 hours after discontinuation of the drug.

Dicyclomine hydrochloride may produce drowsiness, dizziness or blurred vision. The patient should be warned not to engage in activities requiring mental alertness, such as operating a motor vehicle or other machinery or performing hazardous work while taking dicyclomine hydrochloride.

With overdosage, a curare-like action may occur (i.e., neuromuscular blockade leading to muscular weakness and possible paralysis). It should not be given to patients with myasthenia gravis except to reduce adverse muscarinic effects of an anticholinesterase [ see Contraindications (4)].

Diarrhea may be an early symptom of incomplete intestinal obstruction, especially in patients with ileostomy or colostomy. In this instance, treatment with this drug would be inappropriate and possibly harmful [ see Contraindications (4)].

Rarely development of Ogilvie’s syndrome (colonic pseudo-obstruction) has been reported. Ogilvie’s syndrome is a clinical disorder with signs, symptoms, and radiographic appearance of an acute large bowel obstruction but with no evidence of distal colonic obstruction.

Toxic dilatation of intestine and intestinal perforation is possible when anticholinergic agents are administered in patients with Salmonella dysentery.

Caution should be taken in patients with ulcerative colitis. Large doses may suppress intestinal motility to the point of producing a paralytic ileus and the use of this drug may precipitate or aggravate the serious complication of toxic megacolon [ see Adverse Reactions (6.3)]. Dicyclomine hydrochloride is contraindicated in patients with severe ulcerative colitis [ see Contraindications (4)].

Dicyclomine hydrochloride should be used with caution in patients with known or suspected prostatic enlargement, in whom prostatic enlargement may lead to urinary retention [ see Adverse Reactions (6.3)].

Dicyclomine hydrochloride should be used with caution in patients with known hepatic and renal impairment.

Dicyclomine hydrochloride should be used with caution in elderly who may be more susceptible to its adverse effects.

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The data described below reflect exposure in controlled clinical trials involving over 100 patients treated for functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome with dicyclomine hydrochloride at initial doses of 160 mg daily (40 mg four times a day).

In these trials most of the side effects were typically anticholinergic in nature and were reported by 61% of the patients. Table 1 presents adverse reactions ( MedDRA 13.0preferred terms) by decreasing order of frequency in a side-by-side comparison with placebo.

Table 1: Adverse reactions experienced in controlled clinical trials with decreasing order of frequency

<div class="scrollingtable"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="705.2325"> <col width="33.2861857614333%"/> <col width="33.2861857614333%"/> <col width="33.4276284771334%"/> <tbody class="Headless"> <tr class="Botrule First"> <td align="center" class="Lrule Rrule" valign="middle"><span class="Bold">MedDRA Preferred Term</span> <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="middle"><span class="Bold">Dicyclomine Hydrochloride (40 mg four times a day) %</span> <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="middle"><span class="Bold">Placebo %</span> <br/> </td> </tr> <tr class="Botrule"> <td align="center" class="Lrule Rrule" valign="middle">Dry Mouth <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="middle">33 <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="middle">5 <br/> </td> </tr> <tr class="Botrule"> <td align="center" class="Lrule Rrule" valign="middle">Dizziness <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="middle">40 <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="middle">5 <br/> </td> </tr> <tr class="Botrule"> <td align="center" class="Lrule Rrule" valign="middle">Vision blurred <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="middle">27 <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="middle">2 <br/> </td> </tr> <tr class="Botrule"> <td align="center" class="Lrule Rrule" valign="middle">Nausea <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="middle">14 <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="middle">6 <br/> </td> </tr> <tr class="Botrule"> <td align="center" class="Lrule Rrule" valign="middle">Somnolence <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="middle">9 <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="middle">1 <br/> </td> </tr> <tr class="Botrule"> <td align="center" class="Lrule Rrule" valign="middle">Asthenia <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="middle">7 <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="middle">1 <br/> </td> </tr> <tr class="Last"> <td align="center" class="Lrule Rrule" valign="middle">Nervousness <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="middle">6 <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="middle">2 <br/> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div>

Nine percent (9%) of patients were discontinued from dicyclomine hydrochloride because of one or more of these side effects (compared with 2% in the placebo group). In 41% of the patients with side effects, side effects disappeared or were tolerated at the 160 mg daily dose without reduction. A dose reduction from 160 mg daily to an average daily dose of 90 mg was required in 46% of the patients with side effects who then continued to experience a favorable clinical response; their side effects either disappeared or were tolerated.

The following adverse reactions, presented by system organ class in alphabetical order, have been identified during post approval use of dicyclomine hydrochloride. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Gastrointestinal: anorexia

Central Nervous System: tingling, numbness, dyskinesia, speech disturbance, insomnia

Peripheral Nervous System: With overdosage, a curare-like action may occur (i.e., neuromuscular blockade leading to muscular weakness and possible paralysis).

Ophthalmologic: diplopia, increased ocular tension Dermatologic/Allergic: urticaria, itching, and other dermal manifestations

Genitourinary: urinary hesitancy, urinary retention in patients with prostatic hypertrophy Cardiovascular: hypertension

Respiratory: apnea

Other: decreased sweating, sneezing, throat congestion, impotence.

Anticholinergics antagonize the effects of antiglaucoma agents. Anticholinergic drugs in the presence of increased intraocular pressure may be hazardous when taken concurrently with agents such as corticosteroids. Use of dicyclomine hydrochloride in patients with glaucoma is not recommended [ see Contraindications (4)].

The following agents may increase certain actions or side effects of anticholinergic drugs including dicyclomine hydrochloride: amantadine, antiarrhythmic agents of Class I (e.g., quinidine), antihistamines, antipsychotic agents (e.g., phenothiazines), benzodiazepines, MAO inhibitors, narcotic analgesics (e.g., meperidine), nitrates and nitrites, sympathomimetic agents, tricyclic  antidepressants, and  other  drugs having anticholinergic activity

Interaction with other gastrointestinal motility drugs may antagonize the effects of drugs that alter gastrointestinal motility, such as metoclopramide.

Because antacids may interfere with the absorption of anticholinergic agents including dicyclomine hydrochloride, simultaneous use of these drugs should be avoided.

Anticholinergic agents may affect gastrointestinal absorption of various drugs by affecting on gastrointestinal motility, such as slowly dissolving dosage forms of digoxin; increased serum digoxin concentration may result.

The inhibiting effects of anticholinergic drugs on gastric hydrochloric acid secretion are antagonized by agents used to treat achlorhydria and those used to test gastric secretion.

Pregnancy Category B

Adequate and well-controlled studies have not been conducted with dicyclomine hydrochloride in pregnant women at the recommended doses of 80 to 160 mg/day. However, epidemiologic studies did not show an increased risk of structural malformations among babies born to women who took products containing dicyclomine hydrochloride at doses up to 40 mg/day during the first trimester of pregnancy. Reproduction studies have been performed in rats and rabbits at doses up to 33 times the maximum recommended human dose based on 160 mg/day (3 mg/kg) and have revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus due to dicyclomine. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

Dicyclomine hydrochloride is contraindicated in women who are human milk feeding. Dicyclomine hydrochloride is excreted in human milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in human breastfed infants from dicyclomine hydrochloride, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother [ see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)].

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Dicyclomine hydrochloride is contraindicated in infants less than 6 months of age [ see Contrainidications (4)]. There are published cases reporting that the administration of dicyclomine hydrochloride to infants has been followed by serious respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, shortness of breath, breathlessness, respiratory collapse, apnea and asphyxia), seizures, syncope, pulse rate fluctuations, muscular hypotonia, and coma, and death, however; no causal relationship has been established.

Clinical studies of dicyclomine hydrochloride did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range in adults, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.

Effects of renal impairment on PK, safety and efficacy of dicyclomine hydrochloride have not been studied. Dicyclomine hydrochloride drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Dicyclomine hydrochloride should be administered with caution in patients with renal impairment.

Effects of renal impairment on PK, safety and efficacy of dicyclomine hydrochloride have not been studied. Dicyclomine hydrochloride should be administered with caution in patients with hepatic impairment.

In case of an overdose, patients should contact a physician, poison control center (1-800-222-1222), or emergency room.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "In case of an overdose, patients should contact a physician, poison control center (1-800-222-1222), or emergency room." }

The signs and symptoms of overdosage include: headache; nausea; vomiting; blurred vision; dilated pupils; hot, dry skin; dizziness; dryness of the mouth; difficulty in swallowing; and CNS stimulation including convulsion. A curare-like action may occur (i.e., neuromuscular blockade leading to muscular weakness and possible paralysis).

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "The signs and symptoms of overdosage include: headache; nausea; vomiting; blurred vision; dilated pupils; hot, dry skin; dizziness; dryness of the mouth; difficulty in swallowing; and CNS stimulation including convulsion. A curare-like action may occur (i.e., neuromuscular blockade leading to muscular weakness and possible paralysis)." }

One reported event included a 37-year-old who reported numbness on the left side, cold fingertips, blurred vision, abdominal and flank pain, decreased appetite, dry mouth, and nervousness following ingestion of 320 mg daily (four 20 mg tablets four times daily). These events resolved after discontinuing the dicyclomine.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "One reported event included a 37-year-old who reported numbness on the left side, cold fingertips, blurred vision, abdominal and flank pain, decreased appetite, dry mouth, and nervousness following ingestion of 320 mg daily (four 20 mg tablets four times daily). These events resolved after discontinuing the dicyclomine." }

The acute oral LD50 of the drug is 625 mg/kg in mice.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "The acute oral LD50 of the drug is 625 mg/kg in mice." }

The amount of drug in a single dose that is ordinarily associated with symptoms of overdosage or that is likely to be life-threatening, has not been defined. The maximum human oral dose recorded was 600 mg by mouth in a 10-month-old child and approximately 1500 mg in an adult, each of whom survived. In three of the infants who died following administration of dicyclomine hydrochloride [ see Warnings and Precautions (5)], the blood concentrations of drug were 200, 220, and 505 ng/mL.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "The amount of drug in a single dose that is ordinarily associated with symptoms of overdosage or that is likely to be life-threatening, has not been defined. The maximum human oral dose recorded was 600 mg by mouth in a 10-month-old child and approximately 1500 mg in an adult, each of whom survived. In three of the infants who died following administration of dicyclomine hydrochloride [\n \n see Warnings and Precautions (5)], the blood concentrations of drug were 200, 220, and 505 ng/mL.\n\n " }

It is not known if dicyclomine hydrochloride is dialyzable.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "It is not known if dicyclomine hydrochloride is dialyzable." }

Treatment should consist of gastric lavage, emetics, and activated charcoal. Sedatives (e.g., short-acting barbiturates, benzodiazepines) may be used for management of overt signs of excitement. If indicated, an appropriate parenteral cholinergic agent may be used as an antidote.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Treatment should consist of gastric lavage, emetics, and activated charcoal. Sedatives (e.g., short-acting barbiturates, benzodiazepines) may be used for management of overt signs of excitement. If indicated, an appropriate parenteral cholinergic agent may be used as an antidote." }

Dicyclomine hydrochloride is an antispasmodic and anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agent available in the following dosage form:

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dicyclomine hydrochloride is an antispasmodic and anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agent available in the following dosage form:" }

{ "type": "ul", "children": [ "Dicyclomine Hydrochloride Oral Solution, USP contains 10 mg dicyclomine hydrochloride, USP in each 5 mL (1 teaspoonful). Dicyclomine Hydrochloride Oral Solution, USP also contains inactive ingredients: glycerin, methylparaben, propylene glycol, propylparaben, purified water, noncrystallizing sorbitol solution, sucrose, saccharin sodium with FD&C Red No. 3, FD&C Red No. 40 colors and fruit punch flavor." ], "text": "" }

Dicyclomine hydrochloride is [bicyclohexyl]-1-carboxylic acid, 2-(diethylamino) ethyl ester, hydrochloride, with a molecular formula of C19H35NO2•HCl and the following structural formula:

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dicyclomine hydrochloride is [bicyclohexyl]-1-carboxylic acid, 2-(diethylamino) ethyl ester, hydrochloride, with a molecular formula of C19H35NO2•HCl and the following structural formula:" }

Molecular weight: 345.95

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Molecular weight: 345.95" }

Dicyclomine hydrochloride occurs as a fine, white, crystalline, practically odorless powder with a bitter taste. It is soluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol and chloroform, and very slightly soluble in ether.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dicyclomine hydrochloride occurs as a fine, white, crystalline, practically odorless powder with a bitter taste. It is soluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol and chloroform, and very slightly soluble in ether." }

Dicyclomine relieves smooth muscle spasm of the gastrointestinal tract. Animal studies indicate that this action is achieved via a dual mechanism:

Atropine did not affect responses to these two agonists. In vivostudies in cats and dogs showed dicyclomine to be equally potent against acetylcholine (ACh)- or barium chloride (BaCl2)-induced intestinal spasm while atropine was at least 200 times more potent against effects of ACh than BaCl2. Tests for mydriatic effects in mice showed that dicyclomine was approximately 1/500 as potent as atropine; antisialagogue tests in rabbits showed dicyclomine to be 1/300 as potent as atropine.

Dicyclomine hydrochloride can inhibit the secretion of saliva and sweat, decrease gastrointestinal secretions and motility, cause drowsiness, dilate the pupils, increase heart rate, and depress motor function.

Absorption and Distribution

In man, dicyclomine is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, reaching peak values within 60 to 90 minutes. Mean volume of distribution for a 20 mg oral dose is approximately 3.65 L/kg suggesting extensive distribution in tissues.

Elimination

The metabolism of dicyclomine was not studied. The principal route of excretion is via the urine (79.5% of the dose). Excretion also occurs in the feces, but to a lesser extent (8.4%). Mean half-life of plasma elimination in one study was determined to be approximately 1.8 hours when plasma concentrations were measured for 9 hours after a single dose. In subsequent studies, plasma concentrations were followed for up to 24 hours after a single dose, showing a secondary phase of elimination with a somewhat longer half-life.

Long-term animal studies have not been conducted to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of dicyclomine. In studies in rats at doses of up to 100 mg/kg/day, dicyclomine produced no deleterious effects on breeding, conception, or parturition.

In controlled clinical trials involving over 100 patients who received drug, 82% of patients treated for functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome with dicyclomine hydrochloride at initial doses of 160 mg daily (40 mg four times daily) demonstrated a favorable clinical response compared with 55%  treated with placebo (p<0.05).

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "In controlled clinical trials involving over 100 patients who received drug, 82% of patients treated for functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome with dicyclomine hydrochloride at initial doses of 160 mg daily (40 mg four times daily) demonstrated a favorable clinical response compared with 55%  treated with placebo (p<0.05)." }

Dicyclomine Hydrochloride Oral Solution, USP 10 mg/5 mL is supplied as a light pink colored, fruit punch flavored solution, free from visible particulate matter. Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from excessive heat.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dicyclomine Hydrochloride Oral Solution, USP 10 mg/5 mL is supplied as a light pink colored, fruit punch flavored solution, free from visible particulate matter. Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from excessive heat. " }

NDC 17856-2261-1

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "NDC 17856-2261-1" }

NDC 17856-2261-2

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "NDC 17856-2261-2" }

Inform parents and caregivers not to administer dicyclomine hydrochloride in infants less than 6 months of age [ see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)].

Advise lactating women that dicyclomine hydrochloride should not be used while human milk feeding their infants [ see Use in Specific Populations (8.3,8.4)].

In the presence of a high environmental temperature, heat prostration can occur with dicyclomine hydrochloride use (fever and heat stroke due to decreased sweating). If symptoms occur, the drug should be discontinued and a physician contacted. Dicyclomine hydrochloride may produce drowsiness or blurred vision. The patient should be warned not to engage in activities requiring mental alertness, such as operating a motor vehicle or other machinery or to perform hazardous work while taking dicyclomine hydrochloride [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].

Dicyclomine hydrochloride is indicated for the treatment of patients with functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dicyclomine hydrochloride is indicated for the treatment of patients with functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome." }

The recommended initial dose is 20 mg four times a day.

After one week treatment with the initial dose, the dose may be increased to 40 mg four times a day unless side effects limit dosage escalation.

If efficacy is not achieved within 2 weeks or side effects require doses below 80 mg per day, the drug should be discontinued. Documented safety data are not available for doses above 80 mg daily for periods longer than 2 weeks.

Dicyclomine hydrochloride capsules USP, 10 mg: size “4”, opaque white capsule with imprinted “S” on the cap and “634” on the body.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dicyclomine hydrochloride capsules USP, 10 mg: size “4”, opaque white capsule with imprinted “S” on the cap and “634” on the body." }

Dicyclomine hydrochloride is contraindicated in infants less than 6 months of age [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4)] , nursing mothers [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.3)] , and in patients with:

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dicyclomine hydrochloride is contraindicated in infants less than 6 months of age\n \n [see Use in Specific Populations (\n \n 8.4)]\n \n , nursing mothers\n \n [see Use in Specific Populations (\n \n 8.3)]\n \n , and in patients with:\n\n " }

{ "type": "ul", "children": [ "unstable cardiovascular status in acute hemorrhage", "myasthenia gravis\n \n [see Warnings and Precautions (\n \n 5.4)]\n \n \n", "glaucoma\n \n [see Adverse Reactions (\n \n 6.3) and Drug Interactions (\n \n 7.1)]\n \n \n", "obstructive uropathy\n \n [see Warnings and Precautions (\n \n 5.8)]\n \n \n", "obstructive disease of the gastrointestinal tract\n \n [see Warnings and Precautions (\n \n 5.5)]\n \n \n", "severe ulcerative colitis\n \n [see Warnings and Precautions (\n \n 5.7)]\n \n \n", "reflux esophagitis" ], "text": "" }

Dicyclomine hydrochloride needs to be used with caution in conditions characterized by tachyarrhythmia such as thyrotoxicosis, congestive heart failure and in cardiac surgery, where they may further accelerate the heart rate. Investigate any tachycardia before administration of dicyclomine hydrochloride. Care is required in patients with coronary heart disease, as ischemia and infarction may be worsened, and in patients with hypertension [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.3)] .

The peripheral effects of dicyclomine hydrochloride are a consequence of their inhibitory effect on muscarinic receptors of the autonomic nervous system. They include dryness of the mouth with difficulty in swallowing and talking, thirst, reduced bronchial secretions, dilatation of the pupils (mydriasis) with loss of accommodation (cycloplegia) and photophobia, flushing and dryness of the skin, transient bradycardia followed by tachycardia, with palpitations and arrhythmias, and difficulty in micturition, as well as reduction in the tone and motility of the gastrointestinal tract leading to constipation [see Adverse Reactions ( 6)] .

In the presence of high environmental temperature heat prostration can occur with drug use (fever and heat stroke due to decreased sweating). It should also be used cautiously in patients with fever. If symptoms occur, the drug should be discontinued and supportive measures instituted. Because of the inhibitory effect on muscarinic receptors within the autonomic nervous system, caution should be taken in patients with autonomic neuropathy.

Central nervous system (CNS) signs and symptoms include confusional state, disorientation, amnesia, hallucinations, dysarthria, ataxia, coma, euphoria, fatigue, insomnia, agitation and mannerisms, and inappropriate affect.

Psychosis and delirium have been reported in sensitive individuals (such as elderly patients and/or in patients with mental illness) given anticholinergic drugs. These CNS signs and symptoms usually resolve within 12 to 24 hours after discontinuation of the drug.

Dicyclomine hydrochloride may produce drowsiness, dizziness or blurred vision. The patient should be warned not to engage in activities requiring mental alertness, such as operating a motor vehicle or other machinery or performing hazardous work while taking dicyclomine hydrochloride.

With overdosage, a curare-like action may occur (i.e., neuromuscular blockade leading to muscular weakness and possible paralysis). It should not be given to patients with myasthenia gravis except to reduce adverse muscarinic effects of an anticholinesterase [see Contraindications ( 4)].

Diarrhea may be an early symptom of incomplete intestinal obstruction, especially in patients with ileostomy or colostomy. In this instance, treatment with this drug would be inappropriate and possibly harmful [see Contraindications ( 4)].

Rarely development of Ogilvie’s syndrome (colonic pseudo- obstruction) has been reported. Ogilvie’s syndrome is a clinical disorder with signs, symptoms, and radiographic appearance of an acute large bowel obstruction but with no evidence of distal colonic obstruction.

Toxic dilatation of intestine and intestinal perforation is possible when anticholinergic agents are administered in patients with Salmonella dysentery.

Caution should be taken in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Large doses may suppress intestinal motility to the point of producing a paralytic ileus and the use of this drug may precipitate or aggravate the serious complication of toxic megacolon [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.3)] . Dicyclomine hydrochloride is contraindicated in patients with severe ulcerative colitis [see Contraindications ( 4)].

Dicyclomine hydrochloride should be used with caution in patients with known or suspected prostatic enlargement, in whom prostatic enlargement may lead to urinary retention [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.3)] .

Dicyclomine hydrochloride should be used with caution in patients with known hepatic and renal impairment.

Dicyclomine hydrochloride should be used with caution in elderly who may be more susceptible to its adverse effects.

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The data described below reflect exposure in controlled clinical trials involving over 100 patients treated for functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome with dicyclomine hydrochloride at initial doses of 160 mg daily (40 mg four times a day).

In these trials most of the side effects were typically anticholinergic in nature and were reported by 61% of the patients. Table 1 presents adverse reactions ( MedDRA 13.0preferred terms) by decreasing order of frequency in a side-by-side comparison with placebo.

Table 1: Adverse reactions experienced in controlled clinical trials with decreasing order of frequency

<div class="scrollingtable"><table width="98%"> <col width="33%"/> <col width="33%"/> <col width="33%"/> <tbody class="Headless"> <tr class="First"> <td class="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top"> <p class="First"> <span class="Bold">MedDRA Preferred Term</span> </p> </td><td align="center" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top"> <p class="First"> <span class="Bold">Dicyclomine Hydrochloride (40 mg four times a day)</span> </p> <p>%</p> </td><td align="center" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top"> <p class="First"> <span class="Bold">Placebo</span> </p> <p> <span class="Bold">%</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="Botrule Lrule Rrule" valign="top"> <p class="First">Dry Mouth</p> </td><td align="center" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top"> <p class="First">33</p> </td><td align="center" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top"> <p class="First">5</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="Botrule Lrule Rrule" valign="top"> <p class="First">Dizziness</p> </td><td align="center" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top"> <p class="First">40</p> </td><td align="center" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top"> <p class="First">5</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="Botrule Lrule Rrule" valign="top"> <p class="First">Vision blurred</p> </td><td align="center" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top"> <p class="First">27</p> </td><td align="center" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top"> <p class="First">2</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="Botrule Lrule Rrule" valign="top"> <p class="First">Nausea</p> </td><td align="center" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top"> <p class="First">14</p> </td><td align="center" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top"> <p class="First">6</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="Botrule Lrule Rrule" valign="top"> <p class="First">Somnolence</p> </td><td align="center" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top"> <p class="First">9</p> </td><td align="center" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top"> <p class="First">1</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="Botrule Lrule Rrule" valign="top"> <p class="First">Asthenia</p> </td><td align="center" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top"> <p class="First">7</p> </td><td align="center" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top"> <p class="First">1</p> </td> </tr> <tr class="Last"> <td class="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top"> <p class="First">Nervousness</p> </td><td align="center" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top"> <p class="First">6</p> </td><td align="center" class="Botrule Lrule Rrule Toprule" valign="top"> <p class="First">2</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div>

Nine percent (9%) of patients were discontinued from dicyclomine hydrochloride because of one or more of these side effects (compared with 2% in the placebo group). In 41% of the patients with side effects, side effects disappeared or were tolerated at the 160 mg daily dose without reduction. A dose reduction from 160 mg daily to an average daily dose of 90 mg was required in 46% of the patients with side effects who then continued to experience a favorable clinical response; their side effects either disappeared or were tolerated.

The following adverse reactions, presented by system organ class in alphabetical order, have been identified during post approval use of dicyclomine hydrochloride. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Gastrointestinal: anorexia

Central Nervous System: tingling, numbness, dyskinesia, speech disturbance, insomnia

Peripheral Nervous System: With overdosage, a curare-like action may occur (i.e., neuromuscular blockade leading to muscular weakness and possible paralysis)

Ophthalmologic: diplopia, increased ocular tension Dermatologic/Allergic: urticaria, itching, and other dermal

manifestations

Genitourinary: urinary hesitancy, urinary retention in patients with prostatic hypertrophy

Cardiovascular: hypertension Respiratory: apnea

Other: decreased sweating, sneezing, throat congestion, impotence

Anticholinergics antagonize the effects of antiglaucoma agents. Anticholinergic drugs in the presence of increased intraocular pressure may be hazardous when taken concurrently with agents such as corticosteroids. Use of dicyclomine hydrochloride in patients with glaucoma is not recommended [see Contraindications ( 4)].

The following agents may increase certain actions or side effects of anticholinergic drugs including dicyclomine hydrochloride: amantadine, antiarrhythmic agents of Class I (e.g., quinidine), antihistamines, antipsychotic agents (e.g., phenothiazines), benzodiazepines, MAO inhibitors, narcotic analgesics (e.g., meperidine), nitrates and nitrites, sympathomimetic agents, tricyclic antidepressants, and other drugs having anticholinergic activity.

Interaction with other gastrointestinal motility drugs may antagonize the effects of drugs that alter gastrointestinal motility, such as metoclopramide.

Because antacids may interfere with the absorption of anticholinergic agents including dicyclomine hydrochloride, simultaneous use of these drugs should be avoided.

Anticholinergic agents may affect gastrointestinal absorption of various drugs by affecting on gastrointestinal motility, such as slowly dissolving dosage forms of digoxin; increased serum digoxin concentration may result.

The inhibiting effects of anticholinergic drugs on gastric hydrochloric acid secretion are antagonized by agents used to treat achlorhydria and those used to test gastric secretion.

Pregnancy Category B

Adequate and well-controlled studies have not been conducted with dicyclomine hydrochloride in pregnant women at the recommended doses of 80 to 160 mg/day. However, epidemiologic studies did not show an increased risk of structural malformations among babies born to women who took products containing dicyclomine hydrochloride at doses up to 40 mg/day during the first trimester of pregnancy. Reproduction studies have been performed in rats and rabbits at doses up to 33 times the maximum recommended human dose based on 160 mg/day (3 mg/kg) and have revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus due to dicyclomine. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

Dicyclomine hydrochloride is contraindicated in women who are breastfeeding. Dicyclomine hydrochloride is excreted in human milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breast-fed infants from dicyclomine hydrochloride, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4)] .

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Dicyclomine hydrochloride is contraindicated in infants less than 6 months of age [see Contraindications ( 4)] . There are published cases reporting that the administration of dicyclomine hydrochloride to infants has been followed by serious respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, shortness of breath, breathlessness, respiratory collapse, apnea and asphyxia), seizures, syncope, pulse rate fluctuations, muscular hypotonia, and coma, and death, however; no causal relationship has been established.

Clinical studies of dicyclomine hydrochloride did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range in adults, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy .

Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.

Effects of renal impairment on PK, safety and efficacy of dicyclomine hydrochloride have not been studied. Dicyclomine hydrochloride is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function.

Dicyclomine hydrochloride should be administered with caution in patients with renal impairment.

Effects of renal impairment on PK, safety and efficacy of dicyclomine hydrochloride have not been studied. Dicyclomine hydrochloride should be administered with caution in patients with hepatic impairment.

In case of an overdose, patients should contact a physician, poison control center (1-800-222-1222), or emergency room.

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The signs and symptoms of overdosage include: headache; nausea; vomiting; blurred vision; dilated pupils; hot, dry skin; dizziness; dryness of the mouth; difficulty in swallowing; and CNS stimulation including convulsion. A curare-like action may occur (i.e., neuromuscular blockade leading to muscular weakness and possible paralysis).

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "The signs and symptoms of overdosage include: headache; nausea; vomiting; blurred vision; dilated pupils; hot, dry skin; dizziness; dryness of the mouth; difficulty in swallowing; and CNS stimulation including convulsion. A curare-like action may occur (i.e., neuromuscular blockade leading to muscular weakness and possible paralysis)." }

One reported event included a 37-year-old who reported numbness on the left side, cold fingertips, blurred vision, abdominal and flank pain, decreased appetite, dry mouth, and nervousness following ingestion of 320 mg daily (four 20 mg tablets four times daily). These events resolved after discontinuing the dicyclomine.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "One reported event included a 37-year-old who reported numbness on the left side, cold fingertips, blurred vision, abdominal and flank pain, decreased appetite, dry mouth, and nervousness following ingestion of 320 mg daily (four 20 mg tablets four times daily). These events resolved after discontinuing the dicyclomine." }

The acute oral LD 50of the drug is 625 mg/kg in mice.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "The acute oral LD\n \n 50of the drug is 625 mg/kg in mice.\n\n " }

The amount of drug in a single dose that is ordinarily associated with symptoms of overdosage or that is likely to be life- threatening, has not been defined. The maximum human oral dose recorded was 600 mg by mouth in a 10-month-old child and approximately 1500 mg in an adult, each of whom survived. In three of the infants who died following administration of dicyclomine hydrochloride, the blood concentrations of drug were 200, 220, and 505 ng/mL.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "The amount of drug in a single dose that is ordinarily associated with symptoms of overdosage or that is likely to be life- threatening, has not been defined. The maximum human oral dose recorded was 600 mg by mouth in a 10-month-old child and approximately 1500 mg in an adult, each of whom survived. In three of the infants who died following administration of dicyclomine hydrochloride, the blood concentrations of drug were 200, 220, and 505 ng/mL." }

It is not known if dicyclomine hydrochloride is dialyzable.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "It is not known if dicyclomine hydrochloride is dialyzable." }

Treatment should consist of gastric lavage, emetics, and activated charcoal. Sedatives (e.g., short-acting barbiturates, benzodiazepines) may be used for management of overt signs of excitement. If indicated, an appropriate parenteral cholinergic agent may be used as an antidote.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Treatment should consist of gastric lavage, emetics, and activated charcoal. Sedatives (e.g., short-acting barbiturates, benzodiazepines) may be used for management of overt signs of excitement. If indicated, an appropriate parenteral cholinergic agent may be used as an antidote." }

Dicyclomine hydrochloride capsules are an antispasmodic and anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agent available in the following dosage forms:

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{ "type": "ul", "children": [ "Dicyclomine hydrochloride capsules USP, for oral use, contain 10 mg dicyclomine hydrochloride USP. Dicyclomine hydrochloride 10 mg capsules also contain inactive ingredients: calcium sulfate dihydrate, lactose monohydrate, and magnesium stearate.", "In addition, the capsule shells contain Gelatin, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, and Titanium Dioxide. The imprinting ink contains D&C yellow #10 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Blue #1 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Blue #2 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Red #40 Aluminum Lake, iron oxide black, potassium hydroxide and shellac glaze." ], "text": "" }

Dicyclomine hydrochloride, USP is [bicyclohexyl]-1- carboxylic acid, 2-(diethylamino) ethyl ester, hydrochloride, with a molecular formula of C 19H 35NO 2•HCl and the following structural formula:

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{ "type": "ul", "children": [ "\n\n\n", "Molecular weight: 345.95" ], "text": "" }

Dicyclomine hydrochloride occurs as a fine, white, crystalline, practically odorless powder with a bitter taste. It is soluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol and chloroform, and very slightly soluble in ether.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dicyclomine hydrochloride occurs as a fine, white, crystalline, practically odorless powder with a bitter taste. It is soluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol and chloroform, and very slightly soluble in ether." }

FDA approved dissolution test specifications differ from USP.

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Dicyclomine relieves smooth muscle spasm of the gastrointestinal tract. Animal studies indicate that this action is achieved via a dual mechanism:

Atropine did not affect responses to these two agonists. In vivostudies in cats and dogs showed dicyclomine to be equally potent against acetylcholine (ACh)- or barium chloride (BaCl 2)-induced intestinal spasm while atropine was at least 200 times more potent against effects of ACh than BaCl 2. Tests for mydriatic effects in mice showed that dicyclomine was approximately 1/500 as potent as atropine; antisialagogue tests in rabbits showed dicyclomine to be 1/300 as potent as atropine.

Dicyclomine hydrochloride can inhibit the secretion of saliva and sweat, decrease gastrointestinal secretions and motility, cause drowsiness, dilate the pupils, increase heart rate, and depress motor function.

Absorption and Distribution

In man, dicyclomine is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, reaching peak values within 60-90 minutes. Mean volume of distribution for a 20 mg oral dose is approximately 3.65 L/kg suggesting extensive distribution in tissues.

Elimination

The metabolism of dicyclomine was not studied. The principal route of excretion is via the urine (79.5% of the dose). Excretion also occurs in the feces, but to a lesser extent (8.4%). Mean half-life of plasma elimination in one study was determined to be approximately 1.8 hours when plasma concentrations were measured for 9 hours after a single dose. In subsequent studies, plasma concentrations were followed for up to 24 hours after a single dose, showing a secondary phase of elimination with a somewhat longer half-life.

Long-term animal studies have not been conducted to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of dicyclomine. In studies in rats at doses of up to 100 mg/kg/day, dicyclomine produced no deleterious effects on breeding, conception, or parturition.

In controlled clinical trials involving over 100 patients who received drug, 82% of patients treated for functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome with dicyclomine hydrochloride at initial doses of 160 mg daily (40 mg four times daily) demonstrated a favorable clinical response compared with 55% treated with placebo (p<0.05).

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "In controlled clinical trials involving over 100 patients who received drug, 82% of patients treated for functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome with dicyclomine hydrochloride at initial doses of 160 mg daily (40 mg four times daily) demonstrated a favorable clinical response compared with 55% treated with placebo (p<0.05)." }

Dicyclomine Hydrochloride Capsules USP, 10 mg

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10 mg opaque white capsule, imprinted “S” on the cap and “634” on the body, supplied in bottles of 100, 500 and 1,000. Store at 20 oC to 25 oC (68 oF to 77 oF); excursions permitted to 15 oC to 30 oC (59 oF to 86 oF) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "10 mg opaque white capsule, imprinted “S” on the cap and “634” on the body, supplied in bottles of 100, 500 and 1,000. Store at 20\n \n oC to 25\n \n oC (68\n \n oF to 77\n \n oF); excursions permitted to 15\n \n oC to 30\n \n oC (59\n \n oF to 86\n \n oF) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].\n\n " }

Bottles of 100 capsules NDC 43547-634-10

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Bottles of 100 capsules NDC 43547-634-10" }

Bottles of 500 capsules NDC 43547-634-50

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Bottles of 500 capsules NDC 43547-634-50" }

Bottles of 1,000 capsules NDC 43547-634-11

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Bottles of 1,000 capsules NDC 43547-634-11" }

Inform parents and caregivers not to administer dicyclomine hydrochloride in infants less than 6 months of age [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4)] .

Advise lactating women that dicyclomine hydrochloride should not be used while breastfeeding their infants [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.3, 8.4)] .

In the presence of a high environmental temperature, heat prostration can occur with dicyclomine hydrochloride use (fever and heat stroke due to decreased sweating). If symptoms occur, the drug should be discontinued and a physician contacted. Dicyclomine hydrochloride may produce drowsiness or blurred vision. The patient should be warned not to engage in activities requiring mental alertness, such as operating a motor vehicle or other machinery or to perform hazardous work while taking dicyclomine hydrochloride [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3)].

Distributed by:

Solco Healthcare US, LLC Somerset, NJ 08873, USA

Manufactured by:

Prinston Laboratories Charlotte, NC 28206, USA

Revised: 07/2023

9040606-01

NDC 43547-634-10 Rx only

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "\nNDC 43547-634-10 Rx only\n" }

Dicyclomine Hydrochloride Capsules, USP 10 mg

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "\nDicyclomine Hydrochloride Capsules, USP 10 mg\n" }

Each capsule contains: 10 mg of Dicyclomine Hydrochloride, USP

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Each capsule contains: 10 mg of Dicyclomine Hydrochloride, USP" }

USUAL DOSAGE: See package insert for complete prescribing information.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "USUAL DOSAGE: See package insert for complete prescribing information." }

Dispense in a well closed-container as defined in the USP with a

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child-resistant closure.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "child-resistant closure." }

Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F), excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F), excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C" }

(59°F to 86°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "(59°F to 86°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]" }

KEEP THIS AND ALL MEDICATION OUT OF THE REACH OF

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CHILDREN.

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This bottle has been sealed for your protection.

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Manufactured by:

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "\nManufactured by:\n" }

Prinston Laboratories

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Prinston Laboratories" }

Charlotte, NC 28206, USA

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Charlotte, NC 28206, USA" }

Distributed by:

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Solco Healthcare US, LLC

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Solco Healthcare US, LLC" }

Somerset, NJ 08873, USA

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Somerset, NJ 08873, USA" }

9040606-01

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "9040606-01" }

Rev.: 07/2023

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "\nRev.: 07/2023\n" }

Dicyclomine hydrochloride is indicated for the treatment of patients with functional bowel/ irritable bowel syndrome.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dicyclomine hydrochloride is indicated for the treatment of patients with functional bowel/ irritable bowel syndrome." }

The recommended initial dose is 20 mg 4 times a day.

After one week treatment with the initial dose, the dose may be increased to 40 mg 4 times a day unless side effects limit dosage escalation.

If efficacy is not achieved within 2 weeks or side effects require doses below 80 mg per day, the drug should be discontinued. Documented safety data are not available for doses above 80 mg daily for periods longer than 2 weeks.

Dicyclomine hydrochloride tablets, USP are available containing 20 mg of dicyclomine hydrochloride, USP.

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{ "type": "ul", "children": [ "The 20 mg tablets are a blue, round, flat-faced, beveled edge tablet debossed with D 20 on one side of the tablet and blank on the other side." ], "text": "" }

Dicyclomine hydrochloride is contraindicated in infants less than 6 months of age [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)], nursing mothers [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)] and in patients with:

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Dicyclomine hydrochloride needs to be used with caution in conditions characterized by tachyarrhythmia such as thyrotoxicosis, congestive heart failure and in cardiac surgery, where they may further accelerate the heart rate. Investigate any tachycardia before administration of dicyclomine hydrochloride. Care is required in patients with coronary heart disease, as ischemia and infarction may be worsened, and in patients with hypertension [see Adverse Reactions (6.3)].

The peripheral effects of dicyclomine hydrochloride are a consequence of their inhibitory effect on muscarinic receptors of the autonomic nervous system. They include dryness of the mouth with difficulty in swallowing and talking, thirst, reduced bronchial secretions, dilatation of the pupils (mydriasis) with loss of accommodation (cycloplegia) and photophobia, flushing and dryness of the skin, transient bradycardia followed by tachycardia, with palpitations and arrhythmias, and difficulty in micturition, as well as reduction in the tone and motility of the gastrointestinal tract leading to constipation [see Adverse Reactions (6)].

In the presence of high environmental temperature heat prostration can occur with drug use (fever and heat stroke due to decreased sweating). It should also be used cautiously in patients with fever. If symptoms occur, the drug should be discontinued and supportive measures instituted. Because of the inhibitory effect on muscarinic receptors within the autonomic nervous system, caution should be taken in patients with autonomic neuropathy. Central nervous system (CNS) signs and symptoms include confusional state, disorientation, amnesia, hallucinations, dysarthria, ataxia, coma, euphoria, fatigue, insomnia, agitation and mannerisms and inappropriate affect.

Psychosis and delirium have been reported in sensitive individuals (such as elderly patients and/ or in patients with mental illness) given anticholinergic drugs. These CNS signs and symptoms usually resolve within 12 to 24 hours after discontinuation of the drug.

Dicyclomine may produce drowsiness, dizziness or blurred vision. The patient should be warned not to engage in activities requiring mental alertness, such as operating a motor vehicle or other machinery or performing hazardous work while taking dicyclomine.

With overdosage, a curare-like action may occur (i.e., neuromuscular blockade leading to muscular weakness and possible paralysis). It should not be given to patients with myasthenia gravis except to reduce adverse muscarinic effects of an anticholinesterase [see Contraindications (4)].

Diarrhea may be an early symptom of incomplete intestinal obstruction, especially in patients with ileostomy or colostomy. In this instance, treatment with this drug would be inappropriate and possibly harmful [see Contraindications (4)].

Rarely development of Ogilvie’s syndrome (colonic pseudoobstruction) has been reported. Ogilvie’s syndrome is a clinical disorder with signs, symptoms and radiographic appearance of an acute large bowel obstruction but with no evidence of distal colonic obstruction

Toxic dilatation of intestine and intestinal perforation is possible when anticholinergic agents are administered in patients with Salmonella dysentery.

Caution should be taken in patients with ulcerative colitis. Large doses may suppress intestinal motility to the point of producing a paralytic ileus and the use of this drug may precipitate or aggravate the serious complication of toxic megacolon [see Adverse Reactions (6.3)]. Dicyclomine is contraindicated in patients with severe ulcerative colitis [see Contraindications (4)].

Dicyclomine should be used with caution in patients with known or suspected prostatic enlargement, in whom prostatic enlargement may lead to urinary retention [see Adverse Reactions (6.3)].

Dicyclomine should be used with caution in patients with known hepatic and renal impairment.

Dicyclomine hydrochloride should be used with caution in elderly who may be more susceptible to its adverse effects.

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The data described below reflect exposure in controlled clinical trials involving over 100 patients treated for functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome with dicyclomine hydrochloride at initial doses of 160 mg daily (40 mg 4 times a day).

In these trials most of the side effects were typically anticholinergic in nature and were reported by 61% of the patients. Table 1 presents adverse reactions ( MedDRA13.0preferred terms) by decreasing order of frequency in a side-by-side comparison with placebo.

<div class="scrollingtable"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <caption> <span>Table 1:  Adverse reactions experienced in controlled clinical trials with decreasing order of frequency</span> </caption> <col width="32.7%"/> <col width="37.02%"/> <col width="30.28%"/> <tbody class="Headless"> <tr class="Botrule First"> <td align="center" class="Lrule Rrule" valign="top"><span class="Bold">MedDRA</span> <br/> <span class="Bold">Preferred Term</span> <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="top"><span class="Bold">Dicyclomine Hydrochloride (40 mg four times a day) %</span> <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="top"><span class="Bold">Placebo %</span> <br/> </td> </tr> <tr class="Botrule"> <td align="justify" class="Lrule Rrule" valign="top">Dry Mouth <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="top">33 <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="top">5 <br/> </td> </tr> <tr class="Botrule"> <td align="justify" class="Lrule Rrule" valign="top">Dizziness <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="top">40 <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="top">5 <br/> </td> </tr> <tr class="Botrule"> <td align="justify" class="Lrule Rrule" valign="top">Vision Blurred <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="top">27 <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="top">2 <br/> </td> </tr> <tr class="Botrule"> <td align="justify" class="Lrule Rrule" valign="top">Nausea <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="top">14 <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="top">6 <br/> </td> </tr> <tr class="Botrule"> <td align="justify" class="Lrule Rrule" valign="top">Somnolence <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="top">9 <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="top">1 <br/> </td> </tr> <tr class="Botrule"> <td align="justify" class="Lrule Rrule" valign="top">Asthenia <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="top">7 <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="top">1 <br/> </td> </tr> <tr class="Last"> <td align="justify" class="Lrule Rrule" valign="top">Nervousness <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="top">6 <br/> </td><td align="center" class="Rrule" valign="top">2 <br/> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div>

Nine percent (9%) of patients were discontinued from dicyclomine because of one or more of these side effects (compared with 2% in the placebo group). In 41% of the patients with side effects, side effects disappeared or were tolerated at the 160 mg daily dose without reduction. A dose reduction from 160 mg daily to an average daily dose of 90 mg was required in 46% of the patients with side effects who then continued to experience a favorable clinical response; their side effects either disappeared or were tolerated.

The following adverse reactions, presented by system organ class in alphabetical order, have been identified during post approval use of dicyclomine. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Gastrointestinal:anorexia

Central Nervous System:tingling, numbness, dyskinesia, speech disturbance, insomnia Peripheral Nervous System:With overdosage, a curare-like action may occur (i.e., neuromuscular blockade leading to muscular weakness and possible paralysis)

Ophthalmologic:diplopia, increased ocular tension

Dermatologic/Allergic:urticaria, itching and other dermal manifestations

Genitourinary:urinary hesitancy, urinary retention in patients with prostatic hypertrophy

Cardiovascular:hypertension

Respiratory:apnea

Other:decreased sweating, sneezing, throat congestion, impotence

Anticholinergics antagonize the effects of antiglaucoma agents. Anticholinergic drugs in the presence of increased intraocular pressure may be hazardous when taken concurrently with agents such as corticosteroids. Use of dicyclomine in patients with glaucoma is not recommended [see Contraindications (4)].

The following agents may increase certain actions or side effects of anticholinergic drugs including dicyclomine: amantadine, antiarrhythmic agents of Class I (e.g., quinidine), antihistamines, antipsychotic agents (e.g., phenothiazines), benzodiazepines, MAO inhibitors, narcotic analgesics (e.g., meperidine), nitrates and nitrites, sympathomimetic agents, tricyclic antidepressants and other drugs having anticholinergic activity.

Interaction with other gastrointestinal motility drugs may antagonize the effects of drugs that alter gastrointestinal motility, such as metoclopramide.

Because antacids may interfere with the absorption of anticholinergic agents including dicyclomine, simultaneous use of these drugs should be avoided.

Anticholinergic agents may affect gastrointestinal absorption of various drugs by affecting on gastrointestinal motility, such as slowly dissolving dosage forms of digoxin; increased serum digoxin concentration may result.

The inhibiting effects of anticholinergic drugs on gastric hydrochloric acid secretion are antagonized by agents used to treat achlorhydria and those used to test gastric secretion.

Pregnancy Category B:Adequate and well-controlled studies have not been conducted with dicyclomine in pregnant women at the recommended doses of 80 mg/day to 160 mg/day. However, epidemiologic studies did not show an increased risk of structural malformations among babies born to women who took products containing dicyclomine hydrochloride at doses up to 40 mg/day during the first trimester of pregnancy. Reproduction studies have been performed in rats and rabbits at doses up to 33 times the maximum recommended human dose based on 160 mg/day (3 mg/kg) and have revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus due to dicyclomine. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

Dicyclomine is contraindicated in women who are breastfeeding. Dicyclomine hydrochloride is excreted in human milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breast-fed infants from dicyclomine, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)].

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Dicyclomine is contraindicated in infants less than 6 months of age [see Contraindications (4)]. There are published cases reporting that the administration of dicyclomine hydrochloride to infants has been followed by serious respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, shortness of breath, breathlessness, respiratory collapse, apnea and asphyxia), seizures, syncope, pulse rate fluctuations, muscular hypotonia, and coma and death, however; no causal relationship has been established.

Clinical studies of dicyclomine did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range in adults, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.

Effects of renal impairment on PK, safety and efficacy of dicyclomine have not been studied. Dicyclomine drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Dicyclomine should be administered with caution in patients with renal impairment.

Effects of renal impairment on PK, safety and efficacy of dicyclomine have not been studied. Dicyclomine should be administered with caution in patients with hepatic impairment.

In case of an overdose, patients should contact a physician, poison control center (1-800-222-1222), or emergency room.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "In case of an overdose, patients should contact a physician, poison control center (1-800-222-1222), or emergency room." }

The signs and symptoms of overdosage include: headache; nausea; vomiting; blurred vision; dilated pupils; hot, dry skin; dizziness; dryness of the mouth; difficulty in swallowing; and CNS stimulation including convulsion. A curare-like action may occur (i.e., neuromuscular blockade leading to muscular weakness and possible paralysis).

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "The signs and symptoms of overdosage include: headache; nausea; vomiting; blurred vision; dilated pupils; hot, dry skin; dizziness; dryness of the mouth; difficulty in swallowing; and CNS stimulation including convulsion. A curare-like action may occur (i.e., neuromuscular blockade leading to muscular weakness and possible paralysis)." }

One reported event included a 37 year old who reported numbness on the left side, cold fingertips, blurred vision, abdominal and flank pain, decreased appetite, dry mouth and nervousness following ingestion of 320 mg daily (four 20 mg tablets 4 times daily). These events resolved after discontinuing the dicyclomine.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "One reported event included a 37 year old who reported numbness on the left side, cold fingertips, blurred vision, abdominal and flank pain, decreased appetite, dry mouth and nervousness following ingestion of 320 mg daily (four 20 mg tablets 4 times daily). These events resolved after discontinuing the dicyclomine." }

The acute oral LD 50of the drug is 625 mg/kg in mice.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "The acute oral LD\n \n 50of the drug is 625 mg/kg in mice.\n\n " }

The amount of drug in a single dose that is ordinarily associated with symptoms of overdosage or that is likely to be life threatening, has not been defined. The maximum human oral dose recorded was 600 mg by mouth in a 10 month old child and approximately 1500 mg in an adult, each of whom survived. In three of the infants who died following administration of dicyclomine hydrochloride [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)], the blood concentrations of drug were 200 ng/mL, 220 ng/mL, and 505 ng/mL.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "The amount of drug in a single dose that is ordinarily associated with symptoms of overdosage or that is likely to be life threatening, has not been defined. The maximum human oral dose recorded was 600 mg by mouth in a 10 month old child and approximately 1500 mg in an adult, each of whom survived. In three of the infants who died following administration of dicyclomine hydrochloride\n \n [see\n \n Warnings and Precautions (5.1)],\n \n the blood concentrations of drug were 200 ng/mL, 220 ng/mL, and 505 ng/mL.\n\n " }

It is not known if dicyclomine is dialyzable.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "It is not known if dicyclomine is dialyzable." }

Treatment should consist of gastric lavage, emetics and activated charcoal. Sedatives (e.g., short-acting barbiturates, benzodiazepines) may be used for management of overt signs of excitement. If indicated, an appropriate parenteral cholinergic agent may be used as an antidote.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Treatment should consist of gastric lavage, emetics and activated charcoal. Sedatives (e.g., short-acting barbiturates, benzodiazepines) may be used for management of overt signs of excitement. If indicated, an appropriate parenteral cholinergic agent may be used as an antidote." }

Dicyclomine hydrochloride is an antispasmodic and anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agent.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dicyclomine hydrochloride is an antispasmodic and anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agent." }

Chemically, dicyclomine hydrochloride is [bicyclohexyl]-1-carboxylic acid, 2-(diethylamino) ethyl ester, hydrochloride with the following structural formula, molecular weight, and molecular formula:

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Chemically, dicyclomine hydrochloride is [bicyclohexyl]-1-carboxylic acid, 2-(diethylamino) ethyl ester, hydrochloride with the following structural formula, molecular weight, and molecular formula:" }

Dicyclomine hydrochloride, USP occurs as a white crystalline powder. It is soluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol and chloroform, and very slightly soluble in ether.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dicyclomine hydrochloride, USP occurs as a white crystalline powder. It is soluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol and chloroform, and very slightly soluble in ether." }

Dicyclomine hydrochloride tablets, USP for oral administration contain 20 mg of dicyclomine hydrochloride, USP. In addition each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: anhydrous lactose, colloidal silicon dioxide, FD&C Blue No. 1 Aluminum Lake, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch (corn) and sodium lauryl sulfate.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dicyclomine hydrochloride tablets, USP for oral administration contain 20 mg of dicyclomine hydrochloride, USP. In addition each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: anhydrous lactose, colloidal silicon dioxide, FD&C Blue No. 1 Aluminum Lake, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch (corn) and sodium lauryl sulfate." }

Dicyclomine relieves smooth muscle spasm of the gastrointestinal tract. Animal studies indicate that this action is achieved via a dual mechanism:

Atropine did not affect responses to these two agonists. In vivostudies in cats and dogs showed dicyclomine to be equally potent against acetylcholine (ACh)- or barium chloride (BaCl 2)-induced intestinal spasm while atropine was at least 200 times more potent against effects of ACh than BaCl 2. Tests for mydriatic effects in mice showed that dicyclomine was approximately 1/500 as potent as atropine; antisialagogue tests in rabbits showed dicyclomine to be 1/300 as potent as atropine.

Dicyclomine can inhibit the secretion of saliva and sweat, decrease gastrointestinal secretions and motility, cause drowsiness, dilate the pupils, increase heart rate and depress motor function.

Absorption and Distribution:In man, dicyclomine is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, reaching peak values within 60 to 90 minutes. Mean volume of distribution for a 20 mg oral dose is approximately 3.65 L/kg suggesting extensive distribution in tissues.

Elimination:The metabolism of dicyclomine was not studied. The principal route of excretion is via the urine (79.5% of the dose). Excretion also occurs in the feces, but to a lesser extent (8.4%). Mean half-life of plasma elimination in one study was determined to be approximately 1.8 hours when plasma concentrations were measured for 9 hours after a single dose. In subsequent studies, plasma concentrations were followed for up to 24 hours after a single dose, showing a secondary phase of elimination with a somewhat longer half-life.

Long-term animal studies have not been conducted to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of dicyclomine. In studies in rats at doses of up to 100 mg/kg/day, dicyclomine produced no deleterious effects on breeding, conception or parturition.

In controlled clinical trials involving over 100 patients who received drug, 82% of patients treated for functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome with dicyclomine hydrochloride at initial doses of 160 mg daily (40 mg 4 times daily) demonstrated a favorable clinical response compared with 55% treated with placebo (p < 0.05).

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "In controlled clinical trials involving over 100 patients who received drug, 82% of patients treated for functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome with dicyclomine hydrochloride at initial doses of 160 mg daily (40 mg 4 times daily) demonstrated a favorable clinical response compared with 55% treated with placebo (p < 0.05)." }

Dicyclomine hydrochloride tablets, USP are available containing 20 mg of dicyclomine hydrochloride, USP.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dicyclomine hydrochloride tablets, USP are available containing 20 mg of dicyclomine hydrochloride, USP." }

The 20 mg tablets are a blue, round, flat-faced, beveled edge tablet debossed with D 20 on one side of the tablet and blank on the other side. They are available as follows:

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "The 20 mg tablets are a blue, round, flat-faced, beveled edge tablet debossed with D 20 on one side of the tablet and blank on the other side. They are available as follows:" }

                        Bottles of 100 tablets                                                  NDC 59651-720-01

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "                        Bottles of 100 tablets                                                  NDC 59651-720-01" }

                        Bottles of 1000 tablets                                                NDC 59651-720-99

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "                        Bottles of 1000 tablets                                                NDC 59651-720-99" }

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "\nStore at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]\n" }

To prevent fading, avoid exposure to direct sunlight.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "\nTo prevent fading, avoid exposure to direct sunlight.\n" }

Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP using a child-resistant closure.

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP using a child-resistant closure." }

Inform parents and caregivers not to administer dicyclomine in infants less than 6 months of age [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)].

Advise lactating women that dicyclomine should not be used while breastfeeding their infants [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3, 8.4)].

In the presence of a high environmental temperature, heat prostration can occur with dicyclomine use (fever and heat stroke due to decreased sweating). If symptoms occur, the drug should be discontinued and a physician contacted. Dicyclomine may produce drowsiness or blurred vision. The patient should be warned not to engage in activities requiring mental alertness, such as operating a motor vehicle or other machinery or to perform hazardous work while taking dicyclomine [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].

Distributed by: Aurobindo Pharma USA, Inc. 279 Princeton-Hightstown Road East Windsor, NJ 08520 Manufactured by: Aurobindo Pharma Limited Hyderabad-500 032, India Revised: 03/2023

NDC 59651-720-01 Dicyclomine Hydrochloride Tablets, USP 20 mg Rx only          100 Tablets AUROBINDO

{ "type": "p", "children": [], "text": "NDC 59651-720-01 \n \n\n Dicyclomine Hydrochloride \n Tablets, USP \n 20 mg \n \n\nRx only          100 Tablets \n \n AUROBINDO \n \n\n\n" }